Scopus Research — Maryam Jawad Abdulhasan

Amoxicillin, a widely used antibiotic, is increasingly recognized as an environmental threat due to its persistence in aquatic ecosystems and potential risks to human health. This study investigated the removal of amoxicillin from simulated pharmaceutical wastewater using a solar-powered photocatalytic process with titanium dioxide (TiO₂) in a tube-shaped reactor. The degradation efficiency was assessed by monitoring the reduction in amoxicillin concentration under varying experimental conditions. A Box– Behnken Design (BBD) was applied to evaluate the effects of key parameters, including: initial amoxicillin concentration (10-100 mg/L), TiO2 dosage (50, 75, and 100 mg/L), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentration (200-600 mg/L), and pH levels (3, 5, and 7). The results revealed an optimal degradation efficiency of 90.0% under the following conditions: pH=5, 10 mg/L of amoxicillin concentration, 75 mg/L of TiO2 dosage, and 400 mg/L of H2O2 with a 150-minute exposure to solar irradiation. Statistical analysis using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) yielded high model accuracy, with R² = 96.59%, adjusted R² = 93.18%, and predicted R² = 81.7%, indicating strong agreement between experimental data and model predictions. The findings confirm the effectiveness of solar-driven photocatalysis in degrading amoxicillin, highlighting its potential as a cost-effective and environmentally sustainable approach for pharmaceutical wastewater treatment. © by the authors.

This article focuses on employment of nanotechnologies in remediation of tetracycline antibiotics (TC) from groundwater by green synthesized bimetallic Fe/Ni supported by limestone particles. An in-situ green synthesis nanoparticles was prepared using black tea leaves extract to generate a L-Fe/Ni nanocomposite. The synthesized nanocomposite was characterized using several techniques, such as, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), FTIR (Fourier Transform-Infra Red) spectroscopy and surface area. We then use response surface methodology (RSM) to optimize the synthesis process and evaluate the effectiveness of the prepared nanocomposite for tetracycline remediation. We took different simulated concentrations of the TC contaminant without relying on actual TC concentrations in grounwater, the best removal of the TC contaminant in batch study was investigated with relying on the initial concentrations of TC and other experimental factors such as pH, adsorbent nanomaterial concentration and time. A pilot plant was then constructed to eliminate the TC contaminant from groundwater in different concentrations, where the removal efficiency was found decreased with increasing in the concentration of the TC Many parameters affecting the removal mechanisms in statistical and continuous systems were examined to select the best results that accomplish the maximum elimination rate. With the improved operating conditions, (L-Fe/Ni concentration: 1500 mg/L; concentration of TC: 20 mg/L; pH: 7.2; contact time: 128 min), removal percent of TC was found 87 % based on RSM system. The L-Fe/Ni reactive medium of continuous column has a main role in slowing down the movement of the TC plume. This study showed that the ecofriendly nanocomposite could be an appropriate and novel method for remediation of antibiotics and other contaminants in groundwater. © 2024

The combination of iron and copper (Fe/Cu) loaded on glass (G-Fe/Cu) has been developed for this study. The green synthesis was used to create bimetallic nanoparticles (G-Fe/Cu) using grape leaves extract, which employed as a natural reducing agent to easily produce nZVI from iron salts. The particle size, surface morphology, elemental composition and degree of crystallinity of the resulting nanocomposite have been analyzed by means of energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). G-Fe/Cu nanocomposite were employed as adsorbent materials to eliminate ciprofloxacin (CIP) from polluted aqueous solution. Some factors affecting the adsorption function, in batch and continuous experimentations have been examined to select the optimum parameters that accomplish the maximum elimination ratio (99 %) and to investigate the efficiency of the nanoparticles as reactive bed materials. It was discovered that the ideal conditions were CIP concentration (50 ppm), pH 7, nanoparticles dosage (0.5 mg/ 50 mL) and 100 min of optimum contact time. In present paper, the response surface methodology (RSM) was applied as statistical tool used to optimize and model complex systems for elimination of CIP antibiotic from aqueous solution with selection the same four factors that mentioned above. The best appropriate isotherm model was the Freundlich model in batch study. The findings imply that hazardous compounds can be successfully eliminated from aqueous solutions using the prepared nanocomposites. The model's predictions aligned well with experimental outcomes, and the G-Fe/Cu nanocomposite effectively removed CIP from the solutions. © 2024 The Author(s)

As heavy metals are commonly found in water bodies today, the need for an efficient method to remove these pollutants simultaneously has become increasingly important. This research involved coating sand with Fe/Ni nanoparticles created through an environmentally friendly method using eucalyptus leaf extract. Green synthesis of Fe/Ni coated sand was characterized using Fourier transform-infrared spectrometry (FT-IR) analysis. The resulting Fe/Ni nanocomposite coated sand was then used to copper (Cu(II)) removal from water in batch experiments. The study examined five factors namely pH of solution, Cu(II) concentration, contact time, Fe/Ni coated sand dosage, and agitation speed that affected on the Cu(II) removal efficiency. Optimal values of this factors were found to be 200 rpm, pH 6, 130 minutes, 50 mg/L for Cu(II), and 0.5 g/50 mL Fe/Ni coated sand. The findings revealed that over 80% of Cu(II) was removed until the fifth cycle. This work could open up new possibilities for treating water contaminated with copper ions using eco-friendly composites made from waste. © 2024, Polskie Towarzystwo Inzynierii Ekologicznej (PTIE). All rights reserved.

The soil washing method is an effective approach for treating polluted soils with high heavy metals concentrations. Oxalic acid and EDTA are both chelating agents that can form stable complexes with heavy metals and increase their solubility and mobility in the soil solution. By mixing oxalic acid and EDTA, the synergistic effect of the two agents can be achieved. In a recent study, two types of soils, calcareous and gypsum, were selected from agricultural lands (depth 0-30 cm). The washing solution comprising an equal ratio (1:1) of EDTA-Na2 (0.05 M) and oxalic acid (0.05 M) was used to remove lead (Pb) from the soil samples. Five factors were selected to evaluate their impact on lead removal efficiency, which include pH (2 - 4 - 6 - 8), washing time (15 min - 30 min - 60 min - 90 min), lead concentrations (0 mg.L- - 300 mg.L- - 400 mg.L- - 500 mg.L- - 600 mg.L-), temperature (20℃ - 40℃ – 60℃ – 80℃), and liquid/solid ratio (L/S) (5/1 ml/g - 10/1 ml/g - 15/1 ml/g - 30/1 ml/g). The results indicated that the pH level significantly influenced the removal of Pb, with higher removal at lower pH levels. Additionally, the removal percentage increased with higher temperature, Pb concentrations, washing time, and L/S ratio. The results of this study can be summarized, that is Pb removal efficiency of 60.19% at pH 2, 94.24% at 30 min of washing time, 78.25% at 0 mg.L- of Pb concentrations, 66.47% at 20℃, and 84.77% at 15/1 ml/g of liquid/solid ratio (L/S). However, the presence of used engine oil (UEO) reduced the removal of Pb. There is no clear difference in the efficiency of removing lead from both types of soil (gypsum and calcareous). ©2024 The authors.

Here, the authors described a sustainable green synthesis approach to synthesize cuprous oxide nanoparticles (NPs) using Olea europaea extract. The resulting synthesized cuprous oxide NPs were characterized by the UV–Visible spectra, scanning electron microscopy (SEM)/energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The average cuprous oxide NPs crystallite size of about 30 nm was calculated using the Scherrer formula. According to TEM, the resulting synthesized cuprous oxide NPs are spherical shaped. The cuprous oxide NP provides good antibacterial activity versus the two strains compared to Olea europaea aqueous extract; cuprous oxide NP has higher MIC against Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae. © 2023 The Authors. Micro & Nano Letters published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Institution of Engineering and Technology.

Response surface methodology (RSM) has been utilized to analyze and optimize sensitive parameters that can affect the reliability of removal processes. This paper aimed to utilize magnetic nano-zeo-lite (MNZ) as an adsorbent to remove heavy metals, mainly cadmium (Cd(II)) and copper (Cu(II)) ions, from wastewater. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy, zeta potential, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy were used to characterize the MNZ. The results showed that the maximum removal ratio for cadmium (Cd(II)) was 93%, and for copper (Cu(II)) was 94.5% at optimal conditions of a 68-min run time, pH of 6.5, MNZ of 0.3 mg/L, Cd(II) and Cu(II) concentrations of 50 ppm, and shaking speed of 233 rpm. The model-predicted responses also showed good agree-ment with actual data (R2 = 0.9986 for Cd(II), 0.9976 for Cu(II)), demonstrating the effectiveness of this approach for making precise predictions. The adsorption using MNZ was better than that using natural zeolite due to its high cation exchange capacity and large surface area. © 2023 Desalination Publications. All rights reserved.

This study goal to the ability of using low cost materials representing thermestone and aluminum solid wastes in water filtration by using a pilot plant constructed in wastewater treatment plant to remove cadmium ions (Cd(II)). Response Surface Methodology (RSM) used to optimize the optimal parameters that affecting the performance of filter units, these parameters are time, Cd(II) concentration, and filtration rate. These optimized parameters were 9 hr., 5 ppm, 10 l/hr. with removal efficiency of Cd(II) for A-Filter, T-Filter, S-Filter, and A-T-S-Filter was 94%, 95%, 86.8% and 90%, respectively. The result shows that the T-filter has higher cadmium removal efficiency than A-filter, S-filter and S-T-A-filter. While A-filter has a higher removal efficiency of cadmium than the S-filter and S-T-A-filter. While the S-T-A-filter has higher efficiency than S-filter. The result obtained from RSM was good Agreement with the result of experiments. As a result, the optimized process in this paper can be widely utilized with high removal ratio of Cd(II) ions from wastewater samples. © 2023, Journal of Ecological Engineering. All Rights Reserved.

Composite materials, in most cases polymers reinforced with fibers, are these days utilized in numerous applications such as aerospace applications in which lightweight, high strength, high specific modulus and low temperature resistance are critical issues. As these materials have possible applications in different designing areas, a lot of work has been put into enhancing their performance. This study's aim was to study the impact transition behavior of PPS and its composite under different ranges of temperatures by investigating their thermal, mechanical and structural characteristics. PPS and its composite reinforced with 40% vf (volume fraction) glass fibers are employed in this study. The impact transition behavior of PPS and 40%Vf glass fibers composite were investigated by analyzing the mechanical properties: impact, tensile, bending and, hardness at the following temperature ranges: 23°C, -26°C, and -78°C. A particular refrigerator and dry ice were used to achieve the extremely low temperatures (-26 C and -78 C, respectively). The results showed that the addition of 40% glass fibers improved the impact transition behavior of 40%GF PPS composite with temperature decreasing. Which with decreasing in temperature from 23°C to -78°C, the impact strength of PPS decreased by fifty five percent while it increased by twenty three percent for 40%GF PPS composite. © 2023 by the Authors. Licensee Polish Society of Technical Diagnostics (Warsaw. Poland). This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

The aim of this research is trying to find that environmentally and economically efficient way for reuse industrial solid wastes of glass as an alternative filter media to sand to remove turbidity from drinking water. It is required to set a pilot filtration unit which included mainly three transparent columns. It was used to remove the turbidity of synthetic turbid water that consisted of three filter media. The first and second filters represent single media filters of glass and sand, respectively. The third filter represents a filter of dual media of sand at the bottom layer and glass at the top layer. The single media of glass filter and the dual media of glass-sand filter have a maximum removal efficiency of water turbidity in comparison with the single media of sand filter. The maximum removal efficiencies of glass filter, glass-sand filter, and sand filter are 94% and 95%, and 87%, respectively, at influent turbidity of 25 NTU and a filtration rate of 5 m/h. Statistical analysis using stepwise multiple linear regression models had been carried out by utilizing (DataFit, version 9. 1. 32) program models give a good matching between the measured and the predicted values for simulated drinking water for sand, glass, and glass-sand media with the determination coefficient (R2) equal to 1. © 2023, Journal of Experimental Psychology: General. All Rights Reserved.

Microalgae have emerged as a pivotal component of wastewater treatment paradigms, offering an environmentally friendly, sustainable, and cost-effective approach. Beyond the purification of wastewater from diverse sources, microalgae exploit these effluents as a nutrient matrix, facilitating the biosynthesis of valuable bioproducts, bioenergy, and biomaterials. The present study evaluates the pollutant remediation capabilities of Chlorella vulgaris and Spirulina in the presence of common wastewater contaminants—chemical oxygen demand (COD), nitrate (NO3-), and cadmium (Cd2+). These pollutants were selected due to their prevalence in wastewater, with nitrates and COD representing primary organic and inorganic pollutants, respectively, and cadmium being recognized for its acute toxicity. Experimental setups involved two flasks, each containing a mixture of the aforementioned contaminants, with one flask exposed to sunlight and the other placed in a darkroom to simulate varied lighting conditions. The removal efficiencies of Spirulina in the sunlit flask reached 86.6% for COD, 99.1% for NO3-, and 84.5% for Cd2+, while the darkroom condition yielded lower efficiencies of 54.3% for COD, 64.4% for NO3-, and 61.8% for Cd2+. Conversely, Chlorella vulgaris exhibited removal efficiencies of 50.5% for COD, 52.3% for NO3-, and 74.6% for Cd2+ under sunlight, and 25.4%, 33.01%, and 53.3% for the respective contaminants in darkness. These findings underscore the crucial influence of sunlight and temperature on algal photosynthesis, thereby enhancing the bioremediation potential of wastewater contaminants. The study substantiates the significant role of microalgae in the reduction of contaminants, affirming their utility as an effective and economical treatment option. ©2023 IIETA.

Assessment of water quality is a major step in the water industry to ensure the suitability of water for human use. In this study, statistically evaluate the quality of raw and treated drinking water of the Al-Mussaib drinking water treatment plant, Babylon city, Iraq, from January to December 2020. Additionally, the water quality of treated water was assessed according to World Health Organization (WHO) and Iraqi standards for drinking water. The results showed the plant has a good efficiency in removing the studied parameters, such as alkalinity, calcium and hardness. It is noteworthy to mention that although the measured concentrations/levels met the WHO and Iraqi standards, they were higher than the favourable limits. For example, the measured sulphate concentration in the produced water was 248 mg/L, which is higher than the favourable concentration (200 mg/L) (WHO). The statistical analysis indicated significant differences between the quality of raw and treated water (p-value <0.05) in terms of turbidity, hardness, magnesium and dissolved solids concentrations, but there was no significant difference (p-value >0.05) in terms of alkalinity, pH, calcium and sulphates concentrations. The results of this work could be useful for water authorities and decision-makers in Iraq and national and international environmental agencies. © 2022 The Authors.

Iron is one of the groundwater contaminants that negatively impact health and the environment. This study is attempted at introducing low cost natural adsorbent for that adsorbs iron from synthetically prepared iron water. Sawdust and barley husks were used as a filter media, either alone or at different mixing ratio of sawdust/barley husks (1:1, 0.5:1, 1:0.5), to study the effect of adsorbent dose on the removal efficiency. Synthetic water of iron was used at different initial concentrations (10, 25, 40, 65, and 80) mg/L to study the effect of initial iron concentration on the removal efficiency. The filtration process was conducted at a surface loading rate of 3 m3/m2.hr. The results showed higher removal efficiency with the increase of iron initial concentration. The results indicated that removal of iron ranged (90–99.34%) for all types of filter media. The best removal was found to be 99.34% at a mixing ratio of 0.5:1 (sawdust/barley husks) at 80 mg/L initial concentration. As a conclusion, Removal of iron was very successfully observed with absorbent materials sawdust and barley husk, which makes the treatment of iron even possible in rural areas and when high concentration of iron is present © 2022, Journal of Ecological Engineering.All Rights Reserved.

Human and which serves to preserve the resource at the science forefront. Water of electromagnetic is old but addressed to popular the quantity of contaminants in a new way. The current study presents results related to the influence of an electromagnetic field (EMF) on synthetic water with Al2Si2O5(OH)4 (represented by Turbidity). The impact of an EMF as the only factor or as an intensifying element in stainless steel packing systems that limits pollutant concentrations in the treated water was analyses. The system that combined simultaneously stainless steel filling was most efficient. The electromagnetic treatment unit was designed and constructed for testing the treatment of syntheses water having turbidity. The influence of two variables on the efficiency of contaminant elimination during the function of the electromagnetic treating unit was checked. A significant dependence between the kind of system used reactor diameter and number of electrical coil windings were observed. The results showed that the PH values remain constant with EMF. The performance of the unit is determined by turbidity, the result shows greatest efficiency removal with 99.99% at the minimum diameter (2.54 cm), 99.99% in three reactors with three different numbers of coil turns. © 2022. Journal of Ecological Engineering. All Rights Reseved.

Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied based on the central composite design to find the optimum parameters for the degradation of reactive yellow (RY) dye in an aqueous solution using a solar-induced photocatalytic process. The independent variables considered were pH, TiO2, H2 O2, initial RY dye concentration, and irradiation time. Optimization of parameters was performed by analysis of variance (ANOVA). In addition, a polynomial multiple regression equation was suggested as a model for the prediction of RY dye elimination percentage. The results show that the RY dye removal at the optimal conditions of pH 6.95294, TiO2 concentration 25.5441 mg/L, H2 O2 concentration 383.676 mg/L, RY initial dye concentration 20.9412 mg/L, and irradiation time 89.6176 min was 91%. The ANOVA presents the coefficients of determination were R2 = 0.9259 and R2 = 0.9147, which confirm a satisfactory adjustment of the second-adj order regression model with the achieved data. Also, the results confirm that the removal percentage of RY dye follows a pseudo-first-order kinetic model with R2 > 0.92. This study sug-gests that sunlight, catalyst, and H2 O2 together have a significant effect on the degradation pro-cess, and under optimum operating conditions have a reasonable efficiency in the degradation of RY dye. Further, RSM was a suitable technique for the optimization of the variables involved in RY dye removal through the photocatalytic process. © 2022 Desalination Publications. All rights reserved.