Scopus Research — AIYAH SABAH NOORI ALSALAT

AlO is a prevalent oxide compound composed of aluminum and oxygen, with the chemical formula Al2O3. This study aims to prepare aluminum oxide nanoparticles using aluminum nitrate nonahydrate Al(NO3)3.9H2O through direct exposure to a plasma jet system using argon gas, as plasma is the fourth state of matter and a common effective method. The major study in the preparation of Al2O3 nanoparticles, which is a physical method, examines the effect of aluminum oxide nanoparticles against bacteria and fungi. Different methods were used for diagnosis. The X-ray diffraction examination showed an average particle size of 37.8 nm. It was also found through the UV-Vis examination that a surface plasmon resonance was formed at 300 nm with an energy gap value of 4.21 eV. The electron microscope field emission scanning (FE-SEM) was used to study the surface morphology. The results of biological testing showed that aluminum oxide nanoparticles have high antibacterial and antifungal activity. © 2025 World Scientific Publishing Company.

The pulsed laser ablation in liquids is one of the safest and most pure methods for producing highly efficient nanoparticles. The physical and green method was used in manufacturing aluminum oxide nanoparticles with clove extract. This was done using the Nd:YAG laser with a wavelength of 1064 nm and an energy 400 mJ and a rotation rate of 6 Hz. The characterization produced that the optical properties represented by UV–visible absorption spectra for pure aluminum oxide nanoparticles acquired a surface plasmon resonance (SPR = 366nm) and an energy gap (Eg = 5.49 eV), by using the clove extract, and it was found that the highest absorption peak is represented by SPR = 260 nm and an energy gap (Eg = 5.21 eV). The X-ray diffraction (XRD) results showed many peaks due to the formation of aluminum oxide nanoparticles in addition to an average crystalline size (51.32 nm). The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) examination showed the morphology of the aluminum oxide nanoparticles nanoparticles, which have dimensions ranging from 79.93 to 27.20 nm, in addition to the Fourier transform infrared analysis, which showed bonds ranging from 400 to 4000 cm−1 due to aluminum oxide nanoparticles. The main objective of the study is to find the effect of aluminum oxide nanoparticles as an antibacterial activity for Streptococcus mutans bacteria. It was found that inhibition increases with increasing the percentage of clove buds extract. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

In this paper, the influence of laser irradiance on the plasma characteristics of a silver target is investigated in relation to one another. A Q-switched nanosecond Nd:YAG laser with the fundamental harmonic wavelength (1064 nm) and an irradiance ranging from 4.82 × 108 W/cm2 to 6.21 × 108 W/cm2 was used to irradiate these matrices. The irradiance was measured at atmospheric pressure. Temperature of the plasma and the electron density were calculated for different laser intensities of silver based on their oxidation states. The Boltzmann plot and the Stark broadening technique were used to compute the properties of the plasma (Te and ne). Based on the findings, it is clear that the temperature of the electrons in the Ag plasma does not increase linearly with increasing laser irradiation. These variations in the temperatures of the electrons in those matrices are brought on by matrix effects. On the other hand, an increase in laser irradiance was shown to cause an increase in electron density, which resulted in a widening of the line profiles associated to electron density. © 2023 World Scientific Publishing Company.

The science of nanomaterials is concerned with the manufacture of small particles with a scale ranging from 1-100 nanometers. The ginger plant is commonly used in the medical and food sectors. The process of converting herbal materials into nanomaterials and then grafting them with elements such as gold and silver increases the efficiency of these herbs and their extracts. The ultrasound device used is considered one of the advanced devices that do not affect the environment. The prepared Nano ginger is done by using the Vibra-Cell Ultrasonic device at 750 Watt and 20 KHz and the result of the optical properties shows that the ginger has an energy gap (5.1 ev) because it's a nutrition material and the atomic force microscope show an average diameter of 41.4, These materials have been used in various industrial and medical aspects. This development led to the use of different types of herbs and their nano-extraction for the purpose of improving their efficiency. The research aims to use the ginger plant extracted by ultrasonic and improve its efficiency by grafting it with pure gold and silver using a Nd:YAG laser device with a wavelength of 1064 nm and two different energies (700 mJ, 1000 mJ). The study Laboratory mice were divided into five groups, they suffered from liver and kidney failure due to paracetamol. It was found that the compounds grafted with gold and silver (Ginger-Au-Ag) with an energy of 1000 mJ are the most medically efficient in improving functions as well as the best in all physical characteristics. © 2023 AIP Publishing LLC.

The experiment and histological results for the fourth group of albino mice showed an increase in wound healing by 50%, 56.66%, and 70% after being activated for 3, 5, and 7 min, respectively. The best improvement was observed according to the control group, which had a 40% recovery, and the histological section provided the best result by the fourth group, that there was no inflammatory site with activated Aloe vera exposure to 7 min of plasma. The microwave plasma system, which is designed for preparing materials, showed a high ability to increase the effectiveness of the extracted Aloe vera solution. © 2022 Elsevier B.V.

Nano- particles (Ag NPs) are synthesized by using plasma Jet argon gas. The prepared Ag NPs are characterized by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) The measure was performed for different time exposuring 15,30,45 and 60 sec. The results shows the low concentration of nano-silver time expose (15 sec) and very) and high concentration at 60 sec. The UV-VIS spectrometer for nano-silver different time exsposuring to plasma, shows the Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) appeared around 419 nm, and the energy gab is 4.1 eV for the 15 second exposure and 1.6eV for 60 second exposure. The Scanning Probe Microscope (SPM) is used to identify the characterization of silver nanoparticles, the average diameter of nano-silver for 15 second exposure is equal to 69.00 nm, for 60 second exposure the average is equal to 54.87 nm © 2022 University of Baghdad-College of Science. All rights reserved.

Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were used to evaluate the capability of Glutamine (Gln) and its derivative chemicals as inhibitors for the anti-corrosive behavior of iron. The current work is devoted to scrutinizing reactivity descriptors (both local and global) of Gln, two states of neutral and protonated. Also, the change of Gln upon the incorporation into dipeptides was investigated. Since the number of reaction centers has increased, an enhancement in dipeptides’ inhibitory effect was observed. Thus, the adsorption of small-scale peptides and glutamine amino acids on Fe surfaces (1 1 1) was performed, and characteristics such as adsorption energies and the configuration with the highest stability and lowest energy were calculated. Based on previous researches, it is understood that the adsorption of dipeptides on the aforementioned moieties has a chemical nature. The protonation of configuration leads to an increase in the amount of energy of adsorption on the surface of metal among the inhibitors. Theoretically speaking, it is more likely for peptides to adsorb on the surface of iron, and this fact reveals that these moieties are highly effective in terms of inhibitive applications. According to the obtained findings, small peptides can be used as favorable “green” corrosion inhibitors. © 2022 Elsevier B.V.

Owing to their cost-effectiveness and the natural abundance of magnesium, magnesium-ion batteries (MIBs) were introduced as encouraging alternatives to Lithium-ion batteries. Following the successful synthesis of carbon nano-tube, its B and N doped derivatives which were doped with B and N enjoyed the attention of researchers as novel anode materials (AM) for MIBs. Here, we investigated a BC2N nano-tube (BC2NNT) as an encouraging AM for MIBs. To have a deeper understanding of the electrochemical properties, cycling stability, specific capacity (SC) and the adsorption behavior of this nano-tube, first-principles density functional theory computations were performed. By performing NMR calculations, we identified two types of non-aromatic hexagonal rings, namely B2C2N2 (I) and BC4N (II). Magnesium was adsorbed onto I with the adsorption energy of −40.38 kcal/mol and on II with the adsorption energy −20.15 kcal/mol. The SCs were as high as 783 mAh/g. The predicted average open-circuit voltage for BC2NNT was 1.94 V, which was greater than that of other 2D materials. The findings demonstrated the possibility of utilizing the BC2NNT as an AM for MIBs. The results can provide useful insights into the design of boron-carbon-nitrogen-based AMs for MIBs. © 2022 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC

Destiny functional theory (DFT) calculations are undertaken in order to scrutinize the electrochemical and calcium (Ca) storage characteristics of a graphyne-like aluminum nitride monolayer (G-AlNyen) as an electrode material for Ca-ion batteries (CIBs). The results show that the change in internal energy as well as the cell voltage values for the CIB with the G-AlNyen anode are comparable to others with two-dimensional 2D nano-materials. It is shown that Ca is adsorbed primarily onto the center of a hexagonal and triangular ring of G-AlNyen with absorption energies of −2.06 and −0.42 eV. After increasing the concentration of Ca atoms on G-AlNyen, the adsorption energy as well as the cell voltage decreases. Lower values of 0.15–0.32 eV related to the diffusion barrier confirm that the diffusion of Ca in the 2D nano-sheets is rapid. G-AlNyen shows a maximum theoretical capacity of approximately 869.23 mAh h g−1. The results are evaluated in terms of charge transfer, structure, energy as well as electronic characteristics and provide insight into the construction of better anode materials with higher capacity for the CIB. © 2022 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC

In contrast to austenitic and martensitic stainless steels, ferritic stainless steels have a lower hardness and wear resistance but exhibit excellent corrosion resistance. Due to this fact, their use in the aerospace, automobile, and house construction industries is restricted. Several methods have been utilized to enhance the tribological characteristics of ferritic stainless steels. In this work, titanium nitride coating has been carried out by using a cathodic cage of titanium material, and later on, the titanium cathodic cage is replaced by an AISI-304 cathodic cage in a CCPN chamber to form iron nitride coating on AISI-430 ferritic stainless steel coupons through a plasma nitriding process for 4 h at a fixed temperature of 400 °C. The microstructures and mechanical traits of all processed and control coupons were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, ball-on-disc wear tester, and microhardness tester techniques. The results showed that hardness increased up to 1489 HV with the titanium cage, which is much higher than the hardness of the base material (270 HV). The titanium cage-treated coupons have high layer thickness, smooth surface morphology, and a minimum crystallite size of 2.2 nm. The wear rate was reduced up to 50% over the base material after the titanium cage plasma treatment. The base coupon exhibited severe abrasive wear, whereas nitrided coupons exhibited dominant adhesive wear. In the iron nitride coatings, this effect is also important, owing to the more influential cleaning process in a glow discharge, and the better adhesion with enhanced interlayer thickness is attributed to the fact that the compliance of the interlayer minimizes shear stresses at the coating–substrate interface. The use of a graded interface improves adhesion compared with the case where no interlayer is used but a titanium interlayer of comparable thickness provides a significant increase in measured adhesion. For both titanium and iron nitride films, there is a reduction in wear volume which is a function of interlayer thickness; this will have a substantial effect on wear lifetime. Thus by careful control of the interlayer thickness and composition, it should be possible to improve coating performance in tribological applications. © 2022 by the authors.