Scopus Research — Haydar Alaa Salih Aljaafari

Abstract: Spouted bed reactors (SBRs) are highly valued for their effectiveness in chemical and biochemical processes due to their mixing and heat transfer capabilities. Understanding the heat transfer mechanisms in these reactors is necessary. This research delves into the heat transfer behavior of SBRs, which plays a role in enhancing their performance under operational conditions. The study conducted experiments to measure the heat transfer coefficient (HTC) at varying gas velocities (ranging from 0.32 to 0.74 m/s) at radial positions (r/R = 0, ±0.28, ±0.56, and ±0.85) and axial levels (H/D = 0.8, 2.1, and 3.5) within the spouted bed (SB) column using a technique, for the assessment of local heat transfer coefficients (LHTCs). The results we obtained revealed the velocity of the gas, its radial position in the reactor, and its axial height. For instance, higher gas speeds led to heat transfer efficiency and variations in radial positions highlighted how the reactor’s shape influences heat transfer dynamics. It’s worth noting that increasing the gas speed from the lowest to the level tested resulted in a 25% increase in heat transfer coefficients. These discoveries provide insights for improving the design and performance of SBRs with ranging applications in industries that rely on effective heat transfer processes. © Pleiades Publishing, Ltd. 2025.

The current research compares a geothermal-driven combined cooling, heating, and power generation cycle (B–CCHP) and a modified version using turbine bleeding and regeneration process named the TBR-CCHP cycle. These cycles incorporate organic Rankine systems, an ejector cooling system, and a heat pump system. The procedure of this study entails (i) introduction of an innovative CCHP setup, (ii) structural modification of the devised cycle, (iii) evaluation based on thermodynamic laws, (iv) optimization through GA, (v) sensitivity (vi) evaluation of the design parameters, Profitability assessment. The results indicate that the TBR-CCHP system achieves the most significant energy and exergy efficiencies with values of 87.83 % and 70.29 %, respectively. The system demonstrates heating load, cooling load, net electricity production, and total exergy destruction values of 80.38 kW, 24.26 kW, 34.44 kW, and 22.32 kW, respectively. Through optimization using genetic algorithm, improvements in energetic efficiency, exergetic efficiency, and overall energy destruction of 7.93 %, 25.53 %, and 34.83 % are seen in the B–CCHP system, and 7.37 %, 19.87 %, and 33.43 % in the TBR-CCHP system. The study reveals that in the TBR-CCHP system, the compressor is identified as the primary source of irreversibility, with reduced irreversibility during optimization. A comprehensive examination of critical parameters of the cycles indicates the significance of optimizing the generator pressure. Also, the payback period in the modified system is reduced to 6.72 years compared to the base cycle, which has a value of 8.43 years. © 2024 The Authors

Tetracycline is a type of antibiotic that falls under the category of antibiotics. Studying the absorption process of Tetracycline by bio-MOF-11 carrier is important for enhancing drug delivery efficiency, optimizing dosage, and increasing bioavailability, ultimately improving treatment outcomes and potentially leading to the development of new therapies. The present study examined the effect of variable amplitude heat flux (HF) on the bio-MOF-11 carriers' ability to absorb tetracycline. Various parameters were assessed and documented using molecular dynamics simulation and LAMMPS software, including the mean square displacement, number of drug particles, diffusion coefficient, and interaction energy. The results show that by increasing heat flux to 0.04 W/m2, the interaction energy became more negative, decreasing from −1376.35 to −1549.35 kcal/mol. Both mean square displacement and diffusion coefficient increased from 72.906 Å2 and 75.69 28 nm2/ns to 79.745 Å2 and 83.28 nm2/ns, respectively. Also, the number of penetrated Tetracycline-Drug in bio-MOF-11 carriers increased to 606, but it decreased to 520 with a further increase in HF to 0.08 W/m2. The different ways that heat affected adsorption process within the MOF structure may be the cause of this change. The first improvement in penetration can be a sign of improved drug binding and mobility at a moderate HFA. In contrast, the subsequent decrease at higher HFA levels could suggest that excessive heat disrupts the adsorption mechanism, potentially affecting the stability and efficiency of drug delivery within the system. © 2024 The Authors

The Interferon beta-1a protein is a cytokine in the Interferon family that is used to treat a variety of ailments. Molecular Dynamics simulation was used to characterize the atomic disintegration of 6OHW structure of a corona virus-based compound with Interferon beta-1a protein in this computational study. Molecular Dynamics simulation results on the atomic evolution of the 6OHW structure were presented with estimating physical variables. Physically, our simulations showed the attraction forces between the virus and the atomic protein in the presence of H2O molecules, resulting in viral annihilation after t = 10 ns. The molecular dynamics package's initial pressure and temperature (Temp) changes were important for virus-protein system evolution. Numerically, increasing primary T and P from 300 K and 1 bar to 350 K and 5 bar reduced the atomic distance between virus and protein structures from 10 Å to 2.71 Å and 2.45 Å. Bonding energy was another reported physical quantity in our Molecular Dynamics simulation work. The atomic parameter ranged from 152.57 kcal/mol to 148.54 kcal/mol due to changes in initial Temp and pressure. Ultimately, the diffusion coefficient of protein being simulated inside the atomic virus changed from 0.48 μm2/s to 0.59 μm2/s. This calculation demonstrated the suitable conduct of simulated protein throughout virus destruction process. © 2024 Elsevier Ltd

Due to the significant increase in heavy feedstocks being transported to refineries and the hydrocracking process, the significance of adopting an ebullated bed reactor has been reemphasized in recent years. The predictive modelling of gas hold-up in an ebullated two-phase reactor was performed using 10 machine learning methods based on support vector machine (SVM) and Gaussian process regression (GPR) in this study. In an ebullated bed reactor, the impacts of three features, namely liquid velocity, gas velocity, and recycling ratio, on the gas hold-up were examined. The liquid velocity has the most impact on the predicted gas hold-up, according to the feature significance analysis. The rotational-quadratic, squared-exponential, Matern 5/2, and exponential kernel functions integrated with the GPR models and the linear, quadratic, cubic, fine, medium, and coarse kernel functions integrated with the SVM model performed well during training and testing, with the exception of the fine SVM model, whose R2 is very low. According to the R2 > 0.9 and low RMSE and MAE values, the rotational-quadratic, squared-exponential, and Matern 5/2 GPR models performed the best. © 2023 by the authors.

Eggshell waste which is a serious issue that faces the authorities of food industries was used to adsorb methyl green stain from aqueous solutions. The impact of pH solution of several parameters on the removal efficiency was investigated. The results show that the maximum percent of removal was 69.38 ± 3% and it was directly proportional with pH, agitation speed, adsorbent dose, and contact time. While the relation with temperature and initial concentration was inverse. The isotherm, kinetic and thermodynamic studies were also done under the system optimum conditions. The results show that the pseudo-second order kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm model are the best models that describe the adsorption system, while the thermodynamic investigation illustrates that the removal process was endothermic, spontaneous, and less entropic. This work provides detailed information about an innovative method to utilize eggshell waste as an inexpensive adsorbent to remove methyl green stain from aqueous solutions. © 2021

In this work, ZnO-CoO/Al2O3 nanoparticles were synthesized and used as a catalyst for the dehydrogenation of ethanol to produce acetone. The catalyst was characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) to identify the particle size and surface area, which were found to be 50 ± 5 nm and 23 ± 2 m2/g, respectively. In addition, Raman Spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to scan the synthesized catalyst to determine the crystallinity of the bulk. The impact of reaction temperature, water/ethanol molar ratio, and inlet flow rate on the ethanol conversion and products’ yields was investigated. The results show that the optimum reaction conditions which give an ethanol conversion of 97% and the highest acetone yield (45%) are as follows: Temp. 400 °C, 7 mol H2O:1 mol ethanol, and liquid hourly space velocity (LHSV) 1.2 hr−1. © 2021 The Author(s)