Scopus Research — Jabar Aboud Faraj AL-Wakeel

The lack of dedicated RV treatment makes early detection and effective vaccines important to prevent increased mortality and morbidity, as they can only be treated with fluid and electrolyte replacement. The study's goal was to assess the specificity and sensitivity of Reverse transcriptase PCR and Rapid immunochromatography techniques for Rotavirus detection. Between November 2020 and June 2021, 320 stool samples from children under the age of five were obtained at Babylon Teaching Hospital. Primary detection of Rotavirus contamination has executed the use of immunochromatography test (rapid test) LumiQuickAdeno-RotaVirus Antigen Comb takes a look at(Netherlands) and opposite transcriptase PCR in the detection of Rotavirus infection by means of using structural gene (vp4), the results discovered that Rotavirus became detected at a high rate in male stool samples (67.5%) rather than a girl (32.5%). December and Januarywere observed the biggest number of cases, with (46.6%) and (28.3%), respectively.The rural area had the highest rate of Rotavirus infection (56.6%), compared to (43.4%) in the urban area.The RT-PCR assay's excellent overall performance was also considered in its capability to identify Rotavirus RNA in 84 of 320 children's prevalence (26.25%). © 2023, Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. All rights reserved.

The hydrogel of the β-sheet self-assembled peptides is one of the powerful vehicles for the drug delivery and other biomedical applications. This class of hydrogel contains both hydrophilic and hydrophobic moieties. Therefore, it plays an integral part in the delivering of the hydrophobic drugs, which considers as a main challenge to overcome when dealing with hydrogels, this is because hydrogels are hydrophilic in nature. Herein, Doxorubicin has been used as a model anticancer agent because it is the most widely known as an anthracycline antibiotic with high anticancer activity. The major challenge with this chemotherapeutic agent its poor aqueous solubility, thus attempts have been made to transform it into hydrogel via hydrophobic interactions. The release of doxorubicin from the hydrogels at the tumour cells, is the vital aim here. Controlling the Dox release has been achievable through monitoring several parameters, such as the gel concentrations, PH, time, and the number of lysine residues. The mechanical properties, secondary structure and the morphology of the peptide hydrogels and Dox hydrogels were also assessed, via using the Rheometer, FTIR and SEM. © 2023, Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. All rights reserved.

The immunotherapeutic approaches based on checkpoint inhibitors, tumor vaccination, immune cell-based therapy, and cytokines were developed to engage the patient's immune system against cancer and better survival of them. While potent, however, preclinical and clinical data have identified that abnormalities in the tumor microenvironment (TME) can affect the efficacy of immunotherapies in some cancers. It is therefore imperative to develop new therapeutic interventions that will enable to overcome tumor-supportive TME and restrain anti-tumor immunity in patients that acquire resistance to current immunotherapies. Therefore, recognition of the essential nature of the tolerogenic TME may lead to a shift from the immune-suppressive TME to an immune-stimulating phenotype. Here, we review the composition of the TME and its effect on tumor immunoediting and then present how targeted monotherapy or combination therapies can be employed for reprogramming educated TME to improve current immunotherapies outcomes or elucidate potential therapeutic targets. Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.

Vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin) is essential for normal RBC formulation, nerve, proteins in the body, certain enzyme reactions, and neurologic function. Vitamin B12 is given both as an oral supplement and intramuscular single dose with multiple and consecutive treatment in an injection. Long-acting formulations are required with the use of polymeric biodegradable implants. This study focuses specifically on the formulation of sterilized vitamin B12 loaded implants by using a biodegradable polymeric implant, poly-lactic glycolic acid (PLGA). In addition to the establishment of in vitro release of vitamin B12 as a function of time. One set of in vitro parameters to demonstrate in vivo serum concentration and release for implants using a single PLGA polymer in rats. Six sterilized different batches of vitamin B12 loaded implants were produced and only four of them were tested in vivo using rats’ models. It was found that B12 would not be adversely affected by potentially low pH environments. An in vitro release study of vitamin B12 from biodegradable polymeric implants was studied and followed over 50 days. Pharmacokinetic profile from PLGA implants were tested in rats for the four selected batches over 30 days to assess the prospect of creating a long term, sterile, drug delivery system for B12 supplementation. The onset was rapid and serum concentration was approximately 6-12 ng/ml at 10 days and decreased to about 2-4 ng/ml at 15 day and followed by increasing to ~28 ng/ml 30 days. Although implants were removed at 45 days, there was no detectable B12 in serum and this was consistent with residual B12 content in the extracted implants. This study demonstrates the stability of vitamin B12 against pH environment of the polymer degradation during the release study. Current results suggest that implants containing B12 could achieve appropriate release of medication within approximately one week and last for at least 45 days. This study is fundamentally representing a feasible and acceptable drug delivery system. © 2020 EManuscript Technologies. All rights reserved.