بحوث سكوبس — عبدالله جبار حسين علي غراني

Today financial conditions are increasingly volatile; our research intends to address portfolio difficulties with the use of artificial intelligence, developing a more versatile and data-driven trading system. To do this, we applied deep learning algorithms such as DQNs, policy gradient methods, and actor-critic methods with new features such as live data, more thorough feature engineering, and well- designed simulation settings to imitate market situations. In the experiment, we found out that Deep Q-Network produced a total return of 18.5% with a Sharpe Ratio of 1.42 and a maximum drawdown of -12.4%. Thus, outperforming traditional portfolio optimization methods, it is demonstrated to be better for dynamic market adjustments. In conclusion, our results reveal that these systems exhibit significant improvement in risk-adjusted returns and overall performance. Hence, they offer a practical and game-changing alternative for conventional trading techniques and offer space for additional innovation in fintech. © 2025 IEEE.

An experimental and theoretical investigation was carried out to evaluate the effect of the flexural loads on the stress distribution oriented by “0, 45, 45,0” laminates of Kevlar-Epoxy composite. The mechanical response of a new advanced composite material was evaluated by comparing the measured and computed deflection values at the mid-point. The results are compared to other composites that have been built. The use of FEM to analyze composite laminates is limited to stacking sequences with symmetry in the midplane and orientated in the lower half of the laminate, as well as their reflections on the upper half plies. The results of the experimental and F E M show fair agreement. © 2025 Editura Politechnica. All rights reserved.

This study investigates the effect of various heat treatment processes such as full annealing, normalizing, isothermal treatment (austempering), and quenching on wear resistance and friction coefficient. These treatments produced different microstructures, which were then analyzed to understand their influence on the sliding wear properties of ductile iron. The wear rate was measured using the pinon-disc method under dry sliding conditions, applying a vertical load over varying sliding durations while maintaining constant disc hardness and rotational speed. Results indicated that martensitic structures provided the highest wear resistance (lower wear rate of 1.8x10-8 g/cm), followed by bainitic structures (wear rate of 3.97x10-8 g/cm), with ferritic and pearlitic structures showing the least resistance (higher wear rate of 5.5x10-8 g/cm). The wear rate increased as the applied load increased, and the Vickers hardness values of samples quenched in a salt bath (600 Kgf/mm2) exceeded those quenched in oil (520 Kgf/mm2). Controlling the type and conditions of heat treatment in ductile iron can significantly enhance wear properties, friction coefficient, and hardness due to the metal's responsive microstructural transformations. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

A multitude of industrial and residential customers have utilized heat transfer devices for heat conversion and recovery. For the last fifty years, engineers have diligently endeavored to refine a heat exchanger design that reduces energy use without compromising efficiency. Most techniques for enhancing heat transfer operate by either augmenting the effective heat transfer surface area or inducing turbulence, hence reducing thermal resistance. This work utilized CFD to model Al2O3 and CuO nanoparticles inside the adsorber tube of a parabolic solar collector with N=1 and N=2 turbulators at Re of 20000, 60000, and 100000, respectively, with a turbulence intensity of 5%. The turbulence intensity was determined to be 5% of the total energy of the particles. The inclusion of nanoparticles in the base fluid enhances heat conduction. Consequently, nanofluids are viable options for alternate heat transmission mechanisms. Torsional turbulator models with N=2 have a higher output temperature (Temp) than those with N=1 due to the elevated practical heat level of the N=2 models. The intake temp is elevated from 35 to 46 degrees Celsius due to the existence of CuO nanoparticles in the adjacent turbulator adsorber tubes. The Reynolds number (Re) consistently increases the Nusselt number (Nu). Furthermore, the Nu indicates a higher quantity of CuO nanoparticle models compared to Al2O3 nanoparticle models. Furthermore, CuO nanoparticles exhibit superior efficacy compared to Al2O3 in pressure reduction. In comparison to the N=2 dual-turbulator mode, the N=1 single-turbulator mode exhibits a 34% increase in conflict. Pressure loss coefficients are higher for devices including two turbulators. Across a broad spectrum of Re, the thermal PEC for N=2 models exceeded that of N=1 models by 12 percentage points. CuO nanofluid receivers have better efficacy compared to Al2O3 receivers in the conversion of solar energy into thermal energy. The two-turbulator model, operating at a Re of 100000 and using CuO nanoparticles, attains optimal thermal efficiency. The factor of friction decreases with increasing Re, with Water N=1 showing higher frictional losses than Water N=2, indicating greater turbulence and resistance. © 2024, Penerbit Akademia Baru. All rights reserved.

The present investigation adopts a new method to recycle the oils. The used and recycled lubricants were compared to fresh oil. Accordingly, an investigation was carried out to evaluate the viscous shear of different oil grades at each certain temperature using the Walther formula of the viscosity temperature relationship. The investigation indicates acceptable and fair results in front of a technical point of view and environmental improvement by reducing pollution. The results show lower viscosity of the recycling oil than the used oil, which affects the viscous shear as it is directly proportional to the velocity gradient and the fluid s viscosity at ascertaining temperature. In the present investigation, alum (Al2(SO4)3(H2O)18) was used, which gives good precipitation according to the practical results mentioned in this work. The used oils of grades 5w20, 5w30, and 10w30 under consideration are collected from the local internal combustion engines. Both kinematic viscosity and viscous shear for 10w30 oil grade record the highest values, and 5w20 records the lowest values for all oil types (fresh, recycled, and used oil). © 2024 De Gruyter. All rights reserved.

Waste of materials causes significant environmental issues, due to the absence of ways to handle such waste. Iron filings are one of these challenges confronting the world. The goal of this investigation is to identify the effect of the concrete mix and other applications to be used for iron filings. Four distinct percentages of filling iron were applied to the mixture of concrete in the present investigation to measure the variance that can be achieved after 28 days as per normal in compression and tensile concrete strengths. In this research, using 0 percent, 3 percent, 5 percent and 7 percent of concrete mix filing iron, standard cubes and cylinders were developed and tested. The research concluded that when iron filling is applied to the concrete mixture, the concrete compressive ability is significantly increased up to 3% of iron filling. This is well agreed with the results of some of the results that obtained by different researchers and appears to be almost constant with other percentages. As the iron filling increases due to its action as reinforcement, the tensile strength effect is very clearly observed and increased when the percentage of iron filling was 7 percent, the same percentage of the above quantity was used in the compression test for comparison purposes. © 2022

In the present work a hole drilling procedure is used is to evaluate the uniform and non-uniform residual stresses resulted from aluminum plate subjected to heating source which in turn produce residual stresses of the isotropic aluminum plate either uniform or non-uniform stresses, however the aluminum plate is taken as case study. Then the data of strain is taken through hole drilling and investigated with procedure to examine it whether the distribution of strains are uniform or non-uniform, the final results was compared with standard curves. The final results of stresses are determined. The obtained result of residual stresses distribution is non-uniform. accordingly, method of the stresses distribution of any plate can be verified, also the number of residual stresses can be determined. © 2021 Zibeline International Publishing Sdn. Bhd.. All rights reserved.

Environments such as Air, Water and Soil are suffering from many issues, in addition to that soil has other problems specially soft soil problems. And either contaminated soils problems and soft soil issues should be minimized. On the other hands, Iraq is one of the petroleum countries which produce high quantities of oil and as well-known each production process has a by-product, Oil produce very high amounts of waste materials. Waste oil has a bad influence on the environment specially on the soil, and the only way to reduce this bad effect by recycling waste oil. Waste oil has a bad influence on the environment specially on the soil. The key objective of this article is to investigate the reflection of waste oil the mechanical, physical and chemical characteristics of the intact clay soil. Geotechnical tests for example (Atterberg limits, compaction, un-confined compressive strength (UCS) and consolidation tests were conducted by using (2, 5 and 10)% of recycle oil by the weight of dry soil. The results of experiments show an increasing in the permeability and compressibility, while decreasing the strength and the young modules due to increase the oil content, where the soil tend to behave as sponge by increasing the pollutants proportion (oil ratio). As well as the optimum moisture amount, maximum dry density, and the plasticity index for clay soil were decreased with increasing the pollutants proportion (oil ratio).The chemical results detected increasing of gypsum content, tri-sulphur content, total deposit salt (TDS) and organic matter with increasing oil content. © 2020, Institute of Advanced Scientific Research, Inc.. All rights reserved.

In the present investigation recycled oils used in concrete mixture. The lubricant grade are according to the US standard 5w20, 5w30, 10w30 collected from internal combustion engines. The amount of added oil ranged from (10-15) % from the water content hence a reduction of water by the same percentage was take place from the standard unit of concrete (cubic meter), however, the amount of this reduction was calculated and found that the oil added to the single test cube is 50 ml, then SP90 also added to the concrete mixture by amount of 150 ml. A comparisons was made between the lubricant and SP90 for the concrete mixture. The study showed that the results match fairly with the findings of other researchers. The recycle oil used in concrete mixture increase the workability, maintain and improves compressive strength and increases air content. The study also investigate and compare the effect of recycled oil and fresh oil on the concrete mixture and no significant effect observed aluminum sulphate were used to remove the debris from the used oil, which proved efficient in this field according to the practical results mentioned in this work. © 2020, Institute of Advanced Scientific Research, Inc.. All rights reserved.

In the present investigation, special heat treatments are used to improve the hardness of some steel alloys (20ch, 40ch and 65G), which are mainly used in the manufacturing of different types of gears in addition to aluminum-silicon alloy (AL-25), which is used in the manufacturing of piston engine named pulsed ND; glass laser of wavelength (λ = 1.06 µm, and Ʈ =300µm). Three different types of laser energies are applied to perform hardening (0.3, 0.58 and 0.93) Joule. The technique of steel alloys hardening was performed by laser transformation while laser melting was used for (AL-Si) alloy. The power densities are (1.31 * 105 to 1.1 * 106) W/cm2. The hardness obtained for (20ch) is 724Hv, 974Hv for 40ch and 1097Hv for 65G while the hardness for AL-25 was 242Hv. Depending upon the hardness before and after the process, percentage increase by 349% for 20ch, 412% for 40ch, 384% for 65G and 403% for AL-25. The hardness depth, roughness and wear were evaluated . © TJPRC Pvt. Ltd.

This paper was focusing on the study the effect of white metal alloys coating on rotary journals because these journals are subjected to corrosion. And usually, the corroded bearings are losing the operational properties, for this reason, these bearings needed for rehabilitation again by coating the rotary parts with the appropriate thickness. In order to ensure effective conductivity via the two solid zones the rotary journals and coating layers (base metal and white metal alloys coating) to get rid of the oil temperature. White metal coating with different depth was used between mating surface and the heat conduction equation was applied at both regions of the rotating part with suitable boundary condition. The results show that the optimum non-dimensional thickness for white metal coating is (0.25), which improve the properties of the metals by giving the best get rid of oil temperature. Also, it increases the non-dimensional friction force by increasing the non-dimensional thermal conductivity. As well as the increasing of Non-dimensional maximum oil and bush temperature which in turn decreases the Sommerfeld number, while increasing the nondimensional white metal coating thickness lead to increase the Sommerfeld number and non-dimensional friction coefficient. © TJPRC Pvt. Ltd.