بحوث سكوبس — علاء حسين علي

To ensure the structural integrity of concrete and prevent unanticipated fracturing, real-time monitoring of early-age concrete's strength development is essential, mainly through advanced techniques such as nano-enhanced sensors. The piezoelectric-based electro-mechanical impedance (EMI) method with nano-enhanced sensors is emerging as a practical solution for such monitoring requirements. This study presents a strength estimation method based on Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) Techniques and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and artificial neural networks (ANNs) as hybrid (NDT-LSTMs-ANN), including several types of concrete strength-related agents. Input data includes water-to-cement rate, temperature, curing time, and maturity based on interior temperature, allowing experimentally monitoring the development of concrete strength from the early steps of hydration and casting to the last stages of hardening 28 days after the casting. The study investigated the impact of various factors on concrete strength development, utilizing a cutting-edge approach that combines traditional models with nano-enhanced piezoelectric sensors and NDT—LSTMs-ANN enhanced with nanotechnology. The results demonstrate that the hybrid provides highly accurate concrete strength estimation for construction safety and efficiency. Adopting the piezoelectric-based EMI technique with these advanced sensors offers a viable and effective monitoring solution, presenting a significant leap forward for the construction industry's structural health monitoring practices. © 2024

Currently, updating the change detection (CD) of land use/land cover (LU/LC) geospatial information with high accuracy outcomes is important and very confusing with the different classification methods, datasets, satellite images, and ancillary dataset types available. However, using just the low spatial resolution visible bands of the remotely sensed images will not provide good information with high accuracy. Remotely sensed thermal data contains very valuable information to monitor and investigate the CD of the LU/LC. So, it needs to involve the thermal datasets for better outcomes. Fusion plays a big role to map the CD. Therefore, this study aims to find out a refining method for estimating the accurate CD method of the LU/LC patterns by investigating the integration of the effectiveness of the thermal satellite data with visible datasets by (a) adopting a noise removal model, (b) satellite images resampling, (c) image fusion, combining and integrating between the visible and thermal images using the Grim Schmidt spectral (GS) method, (d) applying image classification using Mahalanobis distances (MH), Maximum likelihood (ML) and artificial neural network (ANN) classifiers on datasets captured from the Landsat-8 TIRS and OLI satellite system, these images were captured from operational land imager (OLI) and the thermal infrared (TIRS) sensors of 2015 and 2020 to generate about of twelve LC maps. (e) The comparison was made among all the twelve classifiers' results. The results reveal that adopting the ANN technique on the integrated images of the combined TIRS and OLI datasets has the highest accuracy compared to the rest of the applied image classification approaches. The obtained overall accuracy was 96.31% and 98.40%, and the kappa coefficients were (0.94) and (0.97) for the years 2015 and 2020, respectively. However, the ML classifier obtains better results compared to the MH approach. The image fusion and integration of the thermal images improve the accuracy results by 5%–6% from the proposed method better than using low spatial-resolution visible datasets alone. © 2023 by the authors.

This article assess the precise estimation of the hysteresis loop of reinforced concrete (RC) beams in distinct failure cases to verify inelastic seismic beam function. Any test failure in RC frame columns is able to produce hysteresis curves in low cyclic repeat load that follows the analysis of the hysteretic behavior of the frame columns. In this case, the application of fibers as a mass enhancement to improve the post-cracking of RC beams, strength, and delay cracking has been investigated. In this research, the hysteretic response of deep and slender SFRC beams enhanced with SF using ten beams under the reversal cyclic load was studied through innovative ANN hysteresis. Shear and flexural strength of SFRC beams were analyzed using a diverse number of fibers with content from 0.1 to 5% per volume, closed stirrups (from 0 to 0.5%), and steel reinforcing bars (0.50% and 1.50%). The innovative artificial neural network hysteresis model has been utilized to define the accuracy prediction of the parameters and determine the hysteresis loop of RC columns failing in different modes. Comparing the experimental findings properly indicated the accuracy of the model to capture the main features of the response, such as the load versus deformation cyclic envelope, SFRC tension softening effect, and the impact of the fibers on the hysteretic energy. The results revealed that SFRC beams represented developed cyclic efficiency in case of deformation, load-bearing capacity, residual stiffness, cracking and energy dissipation ability while generating their integrity within the imposed reversal cyclic experiments. © 2022 Elsevier Ltd

Using the ABAQUS software, this article presents a numerical investigation on the effects of various stud distributions on the behavior of composite beams. A total of 24 continuous 2-span composite beam samples with a span length of 1 m were examined (concrete slab at the top and steel I-section at the bottom). The concrete slab used is made of a reactive powder concrete with a compressive strength of 100.29 MPa. The total depth of each sample was 0.220 m. The samples were separated into four groups. The first group involved 6 specimens with shear connectors distributed into 2 rows with different distances (65, 85, 105, 150, 200, and 250 mm). The second group had the same spacing of shear connectors as the first group except that the shear connectors were distributed with one row along the longitudinal axis. The third group consisted of six specimens with single and double shear connectors distributed along the longitudinal axis. The fourth group included six specimens with one row of shear connectors arranged in a staggered distribution along the longitudinal axis. Results show that the optimum spacing was 105 mm in all groups and the deflection in group four fluctuated up and down due to the non-symmetrical distribution of the shear connectors. © 2022 Yasar Ameer Ali et al., published by De Gruyter.

Geotextile reinforcement techniques have been widely used in paving works around the world and have proven to be effective in improving pavement performance. This study has focused on using different positions and numbers of geotextile reinforcement sheets between the layers of flexible pavement for rutting reduction. Fitting depth was measured in the field at seven constructed sections of the pavement of the road model. Each section has been strengthened with different reinforcement approaches. All road sections were subjected to a maximum load repetition of 10,000 cycles. The results indicate that using three layers of geotextile beneath each course of the designed road pavement sections (surface, binder, and base) reduced rutting by 96%. Traffic benefit ratio (TBR) has been employed in this study to reveal the behavior of geotextile reinforcement in increasing the service life of the road. TBR values are the load cycling ratio between the reinforced and unreinforced section for the exact recorded rut depth, it has been found to be minimally equal to 4 for the case of using one layer of reinforcement at interface I, and that value keeps growing up for other reinforcement cases. © 2022 Abdul Hadi Meteab AL Sa'adi et al., published by De Gruyter.

This paper presents a numerical investigation for the behavior of simply supported T-section deep beams, which strengthened with Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) sheets. The used specimens were (1.8 m length), (450 mm width and 100 mm depth) flange dimensions, and (180 mm width and 360 mm depth) web dimensions. The specimens were divided into four groups. Mainly, the difference between specimens in each group is in the main reinforcement details. The control group consisted of six beams non-strengthen with CFRP, the other groups were similar to the control group but externally strengthened with CFRP sheets, which were (0.131 mm) thickness. In detail, the second group was strengthened with CFRP sheet at the bottom surface of the web. The third group was strengthened horizontally with CFRP sheets at both sides of the specimen's web. The last group was strengthened with three sheets of CFRP; one at the bottom face of the web and the others at the web sides. The results show that using CFRP at the bottom slightly increased the ultimate strength and changed the failure mode from flexural to shear. Using CFRP at the sides significantly increased both flexural and shear strength, while using CFRP at the sides and bottom of the web did not significantly enhance the ultimate strength in comparison with using CFRP at the sides only. © 2020 Trans Tech Publications Ltd, Switzerland.

This study suggests that the impact of management efforts does not appear clearly through the process of testing concrete specimens either when accepting or refusing cases. To make this impact clear, a simple model is used to control the quality of concrete that is measuring the process capability index witch gives a visible picture of the producing quality. Many tests were done on several concrete specimens produced from one identity (batching plant) to measure the real slump. Data is collected, and statistical analysis is made, which enables the manager to assess the level of quality of each batching process by using the calculated process capability index. The study showed that the process of accepting or refusing concrete according to the limitations of building codes is not sufficient to evaluate the quality of produced concrete. Results showed that the two groups of tests seem acceptable, but the group (1) gained a process capability index of 0.62 (not capable) and group (2) a process capability index of 1.15 (capable). Management decision is required to assess the level of management effort and accordingly, the quality of concrete. This is a trade-off process between the required quality and the corresponding cost. © 2020, Institute of Advanced Scientific Research, Inc. All rights reserved.