بحوث سكوبس — أمير مزهر هادي الدغيري

Coronavirus (COVID-19) infection has spread widely around the world, affecting individuals of various age groups and both sexes, particularly those with chronic diseases. The severity of the illness is associated with sex, age group, and certain chronic conditions such as obesity, hypertension, diabetes, heart and arterial disease, and chronic kidney disease. This study aimed to identify risk factors, including sex, age group, smoking, and prevalent chronic diseases (specifically hypertension, diabetes, and obesity), and their association with increased severity of COVID-19. Data were collected from 160 patients confirmed to be infected with COVID-19 during the period from July 1, 2024, to October 30, 2024. COVID-19 was more severe in patients aged 51 years and older, accounting for 56% of cases. Males were more severely affected than females, with 57% of male patients compared to 40% of female patients. The disease was more severe in individuals with comorbidities, specifically: hypertension (93%) and diabetes (90%), compared to those without chronic disease. Additionally, obesity had a significant impact on COVID-19 severity, affecting 52% of patients compared to those with a normal weight. Among smokers, the severity of COVID-19 was reported at 89% compared to non-smokers. © (2025), (Arab Society for Fungal Conservation). All rights reserved.

Kidney stones have a high recurrence rate, with around 50% of patients encountering one within 10 years of treatment. Crud Cymbopogon Proximus (CP) was used in this work to develop a novel, eco-friendly, and non-toxic approach of ZnO nanoemulsions to assess the protective effects against ethylene glycol-induced renal stones and rat kidney tissue damage in male albino rats. ZnO@CP nanoemulsions were created using high-speed homogenization and the wet chemical precipitation technique. The properties of synthesized powder were characterized using ultraviolet (UV)–visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Animal studies were divided into six groups: normal control, positive control, standard control, CP, ZnONPs, and ZnO@CP NEs groups and euthanization occurred after 28 days after treatment. DLS and TEM showed a spherical ZnONPs and ZnO@CP NEs in the range of 71.55 nm and 145.8 nm. The nano-sized ZnONPs and ZnO@CP NEs exhibited the UV absorption peak at 345 and 370 nm, respectively. FTIR spectroscopy showed stretching vibrations at 4000 –500 cm−1. In addition, cell viability was significantly reduced in a dose-dependent manner in the study of cytotoxicity. Additionally, ZnO@CP NEs therapy showed significant effect on kidney biochemical indicators, including serum (creatinine, urea, and uric acid) and liver biomarkers (ALT and AST). ZnO@CP NEs groups provided a closer look at calcium oxalate crystals under a microscope, and more effectively supported kidney function. Histopathological results confirmed that the potential preventive and therapeutic ZnO@CP NEs inhibit kidney stones. In conclusion, ZnO@CP NEs treatment revealed renoprotective strong effect against ethylene glycol-induced renal stones and rat kidney tissue damage in male albino rats, probably via its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiurolithiatic activity properties. © The Author(s) 2025.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a potentially fatal illness brought on by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), had emerged posing a threat to public health throughout the world. The aim of study is evaluation the effect of Covid-19 disease on some physiological and hematological indicators of Covid-19 patients and to use as a parameter for monitoring the disease severity. This study as retrospective study was performed at the Al-Imam Hussein Teaching Hospital (January 2021 - April 2021) including 30 Covid-19 patients who were in between the ages of 18 and 84 (15 male and 15 female patients) and another 30 individuals patients who were in between the ages of 18 and 82 (15 male and 15 female individuals) as control group. The patients were previously diagnosed with Covid-19 disease using PCR. Our findings demonstrated that values of physiological and blood markers in COVID-19 varied significantly, where the random blood sugar was the highest parameter with a significant significance based on the chi-square test (P-value = 0.03) and the age group, most affected by the high concentrations of clinical parameters was 63-77 years old, while the least affected age group was 18-32 year. Our findings showed an increase in the concentrations of clinical parameters in males compared to females, where the random blood sugar was of a significant difference based on the chi-square test (P-value = 0.036). This study found that various physiological and blood indicators significantly increased in Covid-19 patients, where they suffer from an increase in blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, ferritin random blood sugar as a result of the virulence of the virus and its attack on pulmonary and renal cells, So, monitoring the increase in these parameters may contribute to know the severity of disease. © 2024 World Researchers Associations. All rights reserved.

Nanoparticles are among the fine materials that have an important role in many medical and health sciences such as medicine, biology, physics, chemistry and others. The purpose of this study was to create silver nanoparticles from Aerococcus spp. then used it against isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii. The method included growing Aerococcus spp in a culture medium. Silver nanoparticles were created when the color of medium changed to brown. Some structural properties of these materials were measured using TEM, FTIR, UV-Vis and XRD to characterize the AgNPs. The results showed the ability of Aerococcus spp to produce silver nanoparticles after adding alkaline silver nitrate solution to the culture medium and then the color change occurred. The biochemical tests showed the ability of bacteria; silver nanoparticles (NPs AgNO3) to absorb ultraviolet radiation at 200 nm. X-ray diffraction test showed that these nanoparticles formed radial peaks of 200, 202 and 311 at a wavelength of 25.94 nm depending on the crystalline state of the particles. The Scanning electron microscope test also showed these nanoparticles forming spherical nanoparticles at size of 32.78 nm. The Ag NPS antibacterial activity shows the ability of these nanoparticles at concentration 250μg/ml against inhibition of the growth of some A. baumannii isolates with an inhibition diameter of 30.32. Finally, the antibiofilm forming test showed the ability of Aerococcus spp. (NPs AgNO3) to reduce biofilm forming of A. baumannii at 100%. © 2024 World Researchers Associations. All rights reserved.

Background: Forensic investigations depend on bodily fluid analysis to identify the perpetrators. Identifying perpetrators requires knowledge about suspects’ body fluids. Due to their durability and tissue-specific expression patterns, miRNAs may be forensic indicators. However, miRNA expression patterns in various bodily fluids are seldom compared. This study examined miR-372, miR-135p, miR-124-3p, miR-16, and miR-10b expression in seminal fluids, blood stains, and vaginal secretions using quantitative PCR using SNORD-47 as a reference gene. This research compared miRNA expression levels in diverse body fluids to assess their potential as forensic biomarkers. MicroRNAs were isolated from forensic blood, seminal fluids, and vaginal mixed stains. Methods: Quantitative PCR measured miR-372, miR-135p, miR-124-3p, miR-16, and miR-10b gene expression. Normalization utilized SNORD-47. These miRNAs were compared in various bodily fluids. Results: The analysis of the results revealed that three bodily fluids have unique miRNA expression patterns. Seminal fluids expressed considerably more miR-135b and miR-10b than vaginal secretions. Vaginal fluids expressed more miR-372 and miR-124-3p than seminal fluids. Blood fluids expressed more miR-126 and miR-16 than seminal and vaginal fluids. Conclusion: MiR-126, miR-16, miR-372, and miR-124-3p were considerably more significant than SNORD-47 in blood, vaginal secretions, and seminal fluids. Copyright: © 2023 Biomedical and Biotechnology Research Journal (BBRJ) View full article text.

Cholangiocarcinoma, also referred to as CCA, is a highly complex epithelial malignancy that can impact various organs and regions of the body, including the perihilar, intrahepatic, and distal organs. This cancer is characterized by the malignant growth of the epithelial lining in the bile ducts, which spans the entire biliary tree and is accountable for disease progression. The current state of affairs concerning CCA is concerning, with poor prognoses, high recurrence rates, and dismal long-term survival rates significantly burden healthcare facilities worldwide. Studies have identified numerous signaling pathways and molecules involved in the development and progression of CCA, including microRNAs, an important class of non-coding RNAs that have the ability to modulate these cellular signaling pathways significantly. In addition, microRNAs may serve as an innovative target for developing novel therapeutic approaches for CCA. In this review, we explore the underlying mechanisms and signaling pathways implicated in the initiation and progression of CCA, focusing on the future direction of utilizing microRNAs as a promising treatment option for this challenging malignancy. © 2023 Elsevier GmbH

Preface: Coronavirus has several mechanisms that facilitate its entry into the target cell such as cholesterol by acting concurrently with angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE2) at entry site, where the virus uses it to increase its entry and spread. We conducted a practical research for measuring Cholesterol, Triglyceride (TG) and Lactate dehydrogenase concentrations in COVID-19 patients. Objectives: The aim of this research is to see the correlation between Cholesterol, TG and Lactate dehydrogenase and the severity of coronavirus infection. Methods: This study is made at Al-Zahra Teaching Hospital during the period from March 2021 to July 2021 and it was performed on two groups: patients group that involved 30 samples (15 male and 15 female), age ranging from 18 to 84 years old and another group consisting of 30 individuals who were not infected with SARS-CoV-2. Results: Our findings show that the high value for markers under this study associated with coronavirus was detected in lactate dehydrogenase (505.07±26.934 IU/l), (227.83±24.660 Mg/dl) for TG and (227.53±19.805 Mg/dl) for cholesterol. High concentration of cholesterol is shown in the age category between 54 and 64 years is represented as (487 Mg/dl and 502 Mg/dl), TG at ages 42, 54 and 64 years is represented as 497, 509 and 521 Mg/dl, Lactate dehydrogenase at ages 80-84 years that represented is as 739, 809 and 812 IU/l. According to physiological parameters which were elevated, a high concentration was observed in almost both sexes, as males were more affected than females when determining cholesterol at (500 Mg/dl), while females had more than males with respect to lactate dehydrogenase and TGs at (520 Mg/dl and 800 IU/l), respectively. In the correlation test, we found the highest significant differences, according to the correlation test, between cholesterol and lactate dehydrogenase at (1) cholesterol and TG at (0.000), TG and lactate dehydrogenase at (0.739). Conclusions: We conclude that COVID-19 patients suffer from increased markers under the studies on cholesterol, TG and lactate dehydrogenase. © 2023 World Scientific Publishing Company.

Covid-19 is considered an epidemic disease that causes increasing the levels of some inflammatory proteins and biomarkers such as interleukins and acute phase proteins. Therefore, these biomarkers could be useful in knowing and monitoring the severity of disease. This study investigated some biomarkers that related to the immunological response including D-dimer, C-reactive protein (CRP), and interleukin-6 (IL-6), and their effects on the severity of infection and early diagnosis of Covid-19 patients. This retrospective study employed two groups of patients’ information to investigate the effects of some immune factors associated to Covid -19 with the first group of 30 confirmed COVID-19 patients aged from 15 to 92 years old and the second control group of 30 patients aged from 18 to 73 years old. All patients’ blood serum levels of CRP, IL-6, and D-dimer were measured by using Afias-6 luminescence immunoassay and compared between the two groups. The results showed that the highest level of the biomarker was D-dimer at a mean 2,029.65 ± 143.31 ng/mL, followed by CRP at 88.46 ± 10.41 ng/mL, and then, IL-6 at 26.03 ± 4.61 ng/mL. The highest percentages of these biomarkers were detected at the ages between 15 and 30 years old for D-dimer at 3,642.73 ± 126.44 ng/mL, 47 to 62 years old for CRP at 116.89 ± 16.61 ng/mL, and 79 to 94 years old for IL-6 at 60.57 ± 10.23 ng/mL. In addition, the rates of CRP, D-dimer, and IL-6 were the highest in females compared to males with CRP of 92.42 ± 10.44 ng/mL and 83.71 ± 7.84 ng/mL, D-dimer of 2,200.34 ± 158.77 ng/mL and 1,834.55 ± 251.27 ng/mL, IL-6 of 29.51 ± 6.27 ng/mL and 22.06 ± 6.88 ng/mL for females and males, respectively. Moreover, the results of the correlation coefficient (R) showed high correlation between those biomarkers. The R values of CRP/D-dimer, CRP/IL-6, and D-dimer/IL-6 were 0.343, 0.151, and 0.121, respectively. The results of this retrospective study concluded that COVID-19 infection significantly affected D-dimer, CRP, and IL-6 percentage in the patients, and those biomarkers could be used to monitor the severity of disease progression. © (2023). All Rights Reserved.

Metformin extract is distinguished by its therapeutic ability for many diseases and microbial revival, which increases the antioxidant capacity, inhibits inflammatory processes, and improves the metabolism of fats and blood sugar. The therapeutic efficacy of plant extracts is very important and has complementary efficacy, for example, Viscum L (VA) plant extract is frequently used in integrative medicine to reduce side effects in cancer patients, especially in ovarian cancer patients. The number of ovarian cancer patients in Iraq is increasing. The purpose of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effect of Viscum extract, metformin, on ovarian cancer cells. Ovarian cancer cell (Ovcar-3) line was treated with metformin, Viscum album (mistletoe) seeds extract, laser irradiation, Viscum album (mistletoe) seeds with lased irradiation, and metformin with laser irradiation. A 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide cytotoxicity (MTT) assay was employed to evaluate the cellular effect of these treatments. The results showed that the viability of Ovcar-3 cells was significantly decreased with increasing Viscum album seeds extract concentration. Green Laser at 532 nm and 286 mW considerably reduced cells viability within relatively short exposure times. Cells growth inhibition of 25% was achieved after five minutes of laser irradiation. Treatments of the cells with different concentrations of plant extract followed by laser irradiation intensely reduced the cell viability to less than 15% compared to the control group. Treating the cells with metformin significantly decreased cell growth and proliferation, particularly at the metformin concentration of 31.25 μg/mL. Furthermore, a combination of metformin and laser irradiation decreased the cells viability by 125%. The results showed that Viscum album seeds extract and metformin had distinct effects in reducing the proliferation and vitality of cancer cells significantly, which might reach the therapeutic effectiveness of chemotherapy and radiation safer and with less side effects. When these two extracts combined with green laser light, the effectiveness in inhibiting the growth of cancer cells increased greatly. © 2023, Journal of Biotech Research. All Rights Reserved.

To study the role of potential relationship of chronic human herpes virus types (3 – 6) infection and their correlation with the up-regulation of some cytokines (IL-2, IL-10 and IFN gamma) and effect of (8-OHdG) and (TAOC) levels onto male infertility. A Case – control study with semen samples which were collected by masturbation during the routine semen analysis of a total ninety age-matched participants as; fertile males 35 (38.9%) with proven fertility as a normal semen quality and infertile males 55 (61.1%) with at least one year of infertility and poor semen quality. All semen biomarkers of Human herpes viruses (HHVs): Varicella zoster virus (VZV-IgG), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV-IgG), Cytomegalovirus (CMV-IgG), Human herpes virus type 6 (HHV6-IgG), Interlukin-2 (IL-2), Interlukin-10 (IL-10), Interferon-gamma (IFN-ã), 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxy guanosine (8-OHdG) andTotal Antioxidant Capacity (TAOC) which were included in the study had been estimated by quantitative ELISA based method and the correlations with sperms parameters were evaluated. The main significant outcomes in this study of the infertile males group 55 (61.1%) were: high percentages of seminal IgG;N (%; Mean±SD) were detected of HHV6, 48 (53.3%;1.26± 0.51) then CMV, 39 (43.3%;1.51± 0.95) followed by EBV, 34 (37.8%; 2.20±1.47), and the highest abnormal cytokines levels were estimated in; 44 (48.9%; 112.62±38.64) and 40 (44.4%; 22.75±10.65) for IFN-ã and IL-10 respectively. Furthermore, High 8-OHdG level was detected in 47 (52.2%;7.29±2.15) and very low level of TAOC was detected in 16 (17.8%;19.34±12.17).Significant negative correlation between semen biomarkers and standard sperms parameters was found which were represented by: 45 (50.0%) of total sperms count less than (33 million \ ml), 52 (57.8%) of progressive motile sperms less than (31%). Finally, about 33 (24.4%) of abnormal sperm morphology was detected. Our results hypothesized that chronic asymptomatic viral infection with increasing of cytokines concentrations consequently disturbance the semen oxidative status, antioxidant defense systems that induce sperms DNA damage then might be collectively act as a co-factors on the etiology of the male infertility. Oriental Scientific Publishing Company © 2019