بحوث سكوبس — هاله ثامر محمد عبود

In this study, ZnO-Red Ochre nanocomposite was green synthesized by Rosa Damascena (RD) extract (RDZRONCs). Proton Induced X-ray Emission microanalysis (Micro-PIXE) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern confirmed the presence of hematite (Fe2O3), and quartz (SiO2) mineral phases in the Red Ochre (RO) nanoclay. In addition, the XRD pattern shows the ZnO, ZnFe2O4, SiO2, Fe2O3, and Si phases in the RDZRONCs that were green synthesized with natural RD extract and RO. The RDZRONCs were used to modify the carbon paste electrode (CPE) for the electrochemical determination of the anticancer drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques were employed to investigate the surface behavior of modified CPE (RDZRONCs/CPE). The electrochemical behavior of 5-FU at the RDZRONCs/CPE was exanimated by CV, differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), chronoamperometry (CA), and chronocoulometry (CC). Based on the DPV technique, a linear relationship between peak current and concentration of 5-FU was obtained in the dynamic range of 0.05–140.0 μM and with a detection limit equal to 0.0016 μM. The selectivity of RDZRONCs/CPE for 5-FU was studied in the presence of different inorganic and organic species. Also, the content of 5-FU was measured in real samples by RDZRONCs/CPE. © 2023 The Author(s)

In this study, an effective and selective approach for determining methamphetamine by magnetic nanoparticles coated with poly(3-thienylboronic acid) (Fe3O4@P3Th) as a new magnetic solid-phase extraction adsorbent (MSPE) in the biological environment was developed. Synthesis of Fe3O4@P3Th magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) was approved by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Elemental mapping and EDX analysis. The main factors influencing extraction efficiency, including the amount of nano adsorbent (20–60 mg), type and amount of organic extraction solvent (water-ethanol %), temperature (25–35 °C), pH (3–9), and extraction time (5–210 min), were investigated and optimized using a Support-vector machine. The low mean squared error (Mse) and high correlation coefficient (close to 1) for train, validation, and test data indicate successful and accurate machine backup vector predictions. Adsorption efficiency of 88.9 ± 0.42% was obtained for nano adsorbent in ethanol at the optimal condition (pH: 7, temperature: 35 °C, time: 210 min, and for 60 mg of nano adsorbent). Methamphetamine exhibited good linearity in the concentration range from 100 to 5000 ng/mL under optimal extraction conditions. The results of adsorption showed high chemical stability and adsorption capacity of nano adsorbents due to the presence of P3Th. Therefore, Fe3O4@P3Th magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) could be used as a new MSPE in clinical and forensic laboratories to determine the materials used in the urinary environment. © 2022 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is a vacuum deposition method used to produce high-quality and high-performance solid materials. The process is often used in the semiconductor industry to produce thin films. Microfabrication processes widely use CVD to deposit materials in various forms, including monocrystalline, polycrystalline, amorphous, and epitaxial. These materials include silicon (dioxide, carbide, nitride, oxynitride), carbon (fiber, nanofibers, nanotubes, diamond, and graphene), fluorocarbons, filaments, tungsten, titanium nitride, and various high-k dielectrics. Chemical deposition takes advantage of the chemical reaction where the product self-assembles and deposits on a suitable substrate. Chemical deposition is commonly used for generating thin nanostructured blend films of crystalline inorganic materials, such as ZnS, CuSe, InS, CdS, etc. Depending on the deposition conditions, several terms have been used, such as chemical bath deposition, CVD, and ECD. Depending on the material and the deposition conditions, different surface morphologies have been obtained, from nanopins to nanotubes to nanorods. Reagents in sedimentary reactions are usually water-soluble ionic compounds. When these compounds are dissolved in water, they separate from each other to form anion and cation ions. If a cation of one compound forms an insoluble compound with an anion of another compound, precipitation occurs. Applications of this method include the removal of heavy metals and anions from wastewater, reducing water hardness, and metal recovery. Synthesis processes occur by chemical deposition based on deposition reactions (substitution), co-precipitation, oxidation–reduction, thermolysis, hydrolysis, polymerization, and condensation. The control of various variables in a synthetic system plays an important role in controlling particle size and morphology. The products of sedimentary processes under various synthetic conditions range from coarse crystals to nanostructured colloidal particles. Co-precipitation chemical methods allow the synthesis of metal nanoparticles, metal oxides, as well as many metal semiconductor compounds. Also, a wide range of properties and characteristics can be achieved by changing the synthesis conditions. The basis of these methods is the preparation of products from soluble precursors using different systems such as electrochemical equipment, microwave radiation, ultrasound, and high-energy beams. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.

Due to the widespread use of antibiotics in geese, water contamination by antibiotics has become a major problem. Photocatalyst semiconductors can play an important role in removing these pollutants from the aquatic environment by using sunlight. In this work, ZnO/Co3 O4 nanocomposites as a new magnetic semiconductor is introduced to remove the antibiotics azithromycin and ciprofloxacin. First, the nanocomposite is synthesized by a simple co-precipitation method. Then, the crystalline and morphological properties of the prepared nanocomposite are identified by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) methods. Also, the magnetic properties of the sample are analyzed by vibratingsample magnetometer (VSM) technique. Because the photocatalytic properties of semiconductors directly depend on their optical properties and energy gap, the optical properties of the prepared nanocomposite are fully studied by the UV method. Photocatalytic results showed that the prepared nanocomposite could significantly remove antibiotics from the waste water. The prepared nanocomposite was able to degradation 84.5 % and 71.7% of ciprofloxacin and azithromycin in 80 minutes under visible light respectively © This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

The present study was conducted to examine the potential effects of two dietary supplements, the probiotic, Lactobacillus fermentum (LB) (1 × 108 CFU/ml) and 0.5% cinnamon powder (CP) alone and in combination form [LB (1 × 108 CFU/ml) + CP (0.5%)] on growth, intestinal microbiota, immune and antioxidant system and resistance to Yersinia ruckeri infection in the rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss under high rearing density. Fish were fed experimental diets [control (T1): (non-supplemented fish), T2: fish fed 1 × 108 CFU/ml L. fermentum, T3: fish fed 0.5% CP and T4: fish fed 1 × 108 CFU/ml L. fermentum + 0.5% CP] for 60 days. After the feeding period, the growth performance, intestinal microbiota, immunity and antioxidant defence were assayed and fish challenged with Y. ruckeri. The supplements alone or in combination showed higher final weight, weight gain and lower feed conversion ratio compared with control. However, the specific growth rate and protein efficiency ratio improved when the supplements were used in combination. The supplementation of fish with L. fermentum alone and in combination with CP increased the activity of protease and amylase (p < 0.05). Although the supplementation of fish with the L. fermentum alone or in combination with CP enhanced immune and antioxidant defence components in serum and mucus, this effect was more pronounced when fish fed L. fermentum + CP. The L. fermentum alone or in combination with CP reduced the fish stress, as the concentrations of glucose and cortisol decreased in these treatments. Alkaline phosphatase activity in blood in fish fed CP and those fed L. fermentum + CP and lactate dehydrogenase activity in fish fed L. fermentum + CP decreased compared with control. Furthermore, fish supplemented with L. fermentum + CP significantly increased resistance to Y. ruckeri infection (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the findings of the present study indicated that a combination of CP and L. fermentum in the diet can be more effective in improving growth, immunity, digestive enzyme performance and resistance to Y. ruckeri infection in rainbow trout, suggesting a synergistic effect for them. © 2022 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Density Function Theory (DFT) tool was used to evaluate ground and excitations proprieties for the graphene nano-ribbon and also, computed geometry orientation between the gas molecule and the surface of the nano-system. The ground state calculations are providing relaxation structure, molecular orbital energy, and adsorption energy. Excitation properties are providing UV-Visible proprieties. In the pure state, the bond length for graphene nano-ribbon was in agreement with theoretical calculation and experimental. During the adsorption mechanism especially in the chemical interaction, all proprieties of the system will be changed. Molecular orbital distribution in chemical interaction overlaps gas molecules and some atoms related to graphene nano-ribbon in the distance near the surface. The UV-Visible calculation indicates that only the chemical adsorption appears shifting in the spectrum. Two gases under study have red shifting in electromagnetic radiation. Finally, graphene nano-ribbon was more acceptable to detect CO gas molecules than HCN, and also the ability to use this system in the environmental field. © 2022 National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC)

In the present study, we investigate the structural, electronic, and optical properties of pure and doped boron-nitride (BN) nano-systems using density functional theory (DFT) simulations. Metal dopant C, Ni and Cu were introduced. Structural properties, such as bond length and formation energy, were observed, and the bond lengths were found to agree with experimental results previously reported in the literature. The metal atoms in the metal-doped BN nanosystem were shown to have a direct effect on the nature of the surface. The calculated formation energies show that the stability of the BN nanosystem is enhanced upon metallic doping, as clearly shown in the case of Ni-doped boron nitride (NiBN). The metal dopant is found to reduce the energy gap and enhance overall electrical conductivity. UV-Visible spectrum calculations show that the metal atom causes a red-shift in the spectrum towards the red wavelengths. Open-circuit voltage (VOC) calculation shows that Ni-doping of BN enhances the VOC by 420 meV with respect to pristine BN, thereby confirming the positive impact of the dopant Ni on the two-dimensional h-BN surface and consequent possible usefulness in optoelectronics. © 2022 National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC)

One of the methods of industrial dimethyl ether production is the catalytic dehydration of methanol. In this research work, methanol dehydration reactor has been modeled using continuous model and its results have been compared with experimental works and Voronoi pore network model. A 1D heterogeneous dispersed plug flow model was utilized to model an adiabatic fixed-bed reactor for the catalytic dehydration of methanol to dimethyl ether. The mass and heat transfer equations are numerically solved for the reactor. The concentration of the reactant and products and also the temperature varies along the reactor, therefore the effectiveness factor would also change in the reactor. We used the the effectiveness factor that was simulated according to the diffusion and reaction in the catalyst pellet as a Voronoi pore network model. Sensitivity analysis was performed to determine the influence of T, P and weight hourly space velocity on performance of the chemical reactor. Acceptable agreement was reached between the measured and the model data. The results showed that the maximum reaction conversion was obtained about 90 % at WHSV = 10 h−1 and T = 560 K, while the inlet temperature (Tinlet) had a greater effect on methanol conversion. In addition, the effect of water in the feed on methanol conversion was quantitatively studied. Also, the deactivation kinetics of γ-Al2O3 heterogeneous-acidic catalyst in methanol to dimethyl ether dehydration process was studied using integral analysis method. Based on independent deactivation kinetics, a second order was found that accurately fitted the experimental conversion time data. The main reaction activation energies and catalyst deactivation energies were 143.1 and −102.1 kJ/mol, respectively. © 2022 The Author(s)

Magnetic nanocomposite CeO2/SrFe12O19 including a hard magnetic material (SrFe12O19) and soft magnetic material (CeO2) was prepared by a one-step chemical co-precipitation with high-temperature (900 °C) sintering method. Its structure and properties were studied using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), vibrating-sample magnetometry (VSM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and map analysis (MA). The testing results showed that the structure and phase of SrFe12O19 did not change by growth CeO2 nanoparticles. SEM image and map analysis indicated that SrFe12O19 was distributed between the CeO2 nanoparticles. Nanocomposite CeO2/SrFe12O19 showed the quite high magnetic performance of 39.34 emu/g, indicating that the properties of CeO2/SrFe12O19 were favorable to its separation, recycling and used after photocatalytic process without secondary pollution. In addition, the photocatalytic activity CeO2/SrFe12O19 for the degradation of methyl orange (MO) was explored under UV light and results revealed the superior photocatalytic performance of MO dye with removal percentage of 88.38% within 90 min. © 2022, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals.

An efficient and mild protocol was developed for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol to the 4-aminophenol in the presence of recyclable silver (Ag@BH4− NPs) and magnetite nanoparticles (Fe3O4@BH4− MNPs). The NPs were characterized by TEM, HRTEM, UV–Vis, TGA, VSM, XRD, EDX, XPS, and DLS analyses. The reduction was conducted in the absence of any external reducing agent like NaBH4 underwent ultrasound irradiation at 60 °C for 2 h. Also, in the presence of TAIm[BH4] ionic liquid, the reduction was performed under normal conditions (no need to ultrasound irradiation) and gave quantitative yield for 4-aminophenol at room temperature. TAIm[BH4] ionic liquid (density = 1.42 g/cm−3, viscosity = 1165 cP), as a new reducing agent was applied for the efficient preparation of Ag@BH4− NPs and Fe3O4@BH4− MNPs, with a mean diameter and zeta potential of 26 nm, 16 nm, and – 40 mV and – 55 mV, respectively. It was suggested that TAIm[BH4] ionic liquid plays the role of a capping agent in addition to reducing capability in order to metal NPs preparation, which improves the dispersion stability of the NPs with a negatively charged zeta potential resulted in the decreased agglomeration of NPs. The NPs as well as TAIm[BH4] ionic liquid showed high antioxidant activity evaluated by DPPH assay, which the total DPPH quenching was observed at 180 μg/mL. Also, TAIm[BH4] IL showed a 70% inhibitory effect at a concentration of 200 μg/mL. The Ag@BH4− and Fe3O4@BH4− NPs follows first-order kinetics for the reduction of 4-NP with the reaction rate of (6.75 × 10–3 s−1) and (5.6 × 10–3 s−1), respectively. A reasonable mechanism was suggested based on the observation and literature review. Graphical abstract: A new approach to synthesis of reductive Ag and Fe3O4 NPs with high antioxidant activity was introduced by TAIm[BH4] reductive ionic liquid for the efficient reduction of 4-NP to 4-AP. [Figure not available: see fulltext.]. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH, DE part of Springer Nature.

Brucella is belonging to the small immobile gram-negative spore-lacking cocco-bacilli bacteria family that grows in an aerobic environment, it is known as a zoonosis infection named brucellosis. This study was designed to investigate serum values of IL-23 in patient with brucellosis and investigate its relationship with cases with failure to respond to conventional medical therapy. A total of 372 individuals were divided into 2 groups (n=186) as follows: Group A comprising 186 infected participants with brucella (7-80 years-old), these people had not received antibiotics for at least 6 months ago. Group B including the healthy participants. All the participants in both groups were in the same age range. 5 ml blood samples were obtained from the participants intravenously (without anticoagulation substance). The serum level of IL-23 was investigated by ELISA diagnostic kit. The recorded data showed that the levels of IL-23 in the serum samples obtained from group A (143.64 Pg/ml) significantly (P<0.001) increased compared with this value in group B (23.14 Pg/ml). Based on the recorded data in the forms completed by all the participants at the day 0 of the experiment, 44 out of 186 individuals in group A, had experienced Brucellosis attack 2-3 times in spite of receiving medical prescriptions. A hypothesis about the possible immune system disorders in these participants lead us to did the re-sampling following drug administration. Results illustrated failure to respond to conventional medical therapy in patients with low level of serum IL-23.

Brucella is belonging to the small immobile gram-negative spore-lacking cocco-bacilli bacteria family that grows in an aerobic environment, it is known as a zoonosis infection named brucellosis. This study was designed to investigate serum values of IL-23 in patient with brucellosis and investigate its relationship with cases with failure to respond to conventional medical therapy. A total of 372 individuals were divided into 2 groups (n=186) as follows: Group A comprising 186 infected participants with brucella (7-80 years-old), these people had not received antibiotics for at least 6 months ago. Group B including the healthy participants. All the participants in both groups were in the same age range. 5 ml blood samples were obtained from the participants intravenously (without anticoagulation substance). The serum level of IL-23 was investigated by ELISA diagnostic kit. The recorded data showed that the levels of IL-23 in the serum samples obtained from group A (143.64 Pg/ml) significantly (P<0.001) increased compared with this value in group B (23.14 Pg/ml). Based on the recorded data in the forms completed by all the participants at the day 0 of the experiment, 44 out of 186 individuals in group A, had experienced Brucellosis attack 2-3 times in spite of receiving medical prescriptions. A hypothesis about the possible immune system disorders in these participants lead us to did the re-sampling following drug administration. Results illustrated failure to respond to conventional medical therapy in patients with low level of serum IL-23. Copyright © 2022 by Razi Vaccine & Serum Research Institute