بحوث سكوبس — زهراء محمد اياد محمد علي الربيعي

Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) is a chronic condition of the digestive system that can lead to serious complications, increasing both morbidity and mortality and adversely affecting patients’ quality of life. This study aimed to assess the sociodemographic characteristics of the sample and to evaluate patients’ responses to known risk factors associated with PUD. A descriptive study was conducted in hospitals located in Al Hilla, Iraq. A purposive sample of 100 patients diagnosed with PUD was selected based on predefined inclusion criteria. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and were analysed using descriptive statistics. Frequencies and percentages were used in order to categorize responses, while the mean and standard deviation were calculated in order to assess central tendency and variability. The findings revealed that patients reported high levels of exposure to several risk factors, including psychological stress, consumption of spicy foods, and intake of caffeinated beverages such as tea and coffee. The highest mean score was observed for the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, whereas the lowest scores were recorded for alcohol consumption, tobacco smoking, and rapid ingestion of food. In conclusion, the study highlights that dietary habits and lifestyle factors play a significant role in the development and exacerbation of PUD. © 2025, ZITA Medical Management. All rights reserved.

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM), in particular type II, has lately become a serious medical condition with elevated probability of increasing comorbidity, because it is a lifelong illness that needs both good self-care and a person with sufficient knowledge about the disease. Objectives: The aim of this study to find the association between the patients' knowledge on type II diabetes and self-care outcome. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out using a descriptive research approach. To achieve the objectives of the study, the researcher created the questionnaire. A descriptive study design from 50 patients was chosen. The validity of the instrument was assured by 11 experts, and the instrument’s reliability was established through making a pilot study. The data were analyzed through using descriptive and inferential statistics by using of SPSS version 20.0 for analysis of questionnaire, The level of Cronbach’s alpha for patient knowledge (20 items) is (0.82), while self-care (30 items) is (0.81). Results: The study findings indicated a significant association between the patient knowledge and self-care at P value (0.008) < 0.05. Conclusion: The majority of patients with DM have a significant association between the patients knowledge and self-care outcome. © 2025 Medical Journal of Babylon | Published by Wolters Kluwer - Medknow.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) represents one of the most pressing challenges in contemporary public health. Neonates and children are among the most vulnerable populations, not only by being at heightened risk of developing AMR, but also for being among the ones most frequently being prescribed antibiotics, particularly for respiratory tract infections (RTIs). This study aimed at examining the relationship between antibiotic overuse and resistance in paediatric patients with recurrent RTIs. A descriptive cross-sectional design was employed from 10 December 2023 to 10 March 2024, targeting children in the Babil Province (Iraq) that were selected through a non-probability convenience sampling method. Findings revealed a high prevalence of antibiotic prescription errors: 62% of the cases involved inadequate course duration, 69% of the patients received duplicate therapy, and 61% were prescribed antibiotics with insufficient dosing frequency. A significant association was observed between these prescription errors and a history of recurrent RTIs. Such errors appear to contribute to the development of AMR, not only in children but potentially extending to adult populations. Given the potentially fatal consequences of antibiotic misuse, both paediatricians and parents must exercise rigorous caution when administering antibiotics to children. © 2025, ZITA Medical Management. All rights reserved.

Triage refers to the placement of patients in the appropriate setting at the appropriate time in order for them to receive the appropriate level of care, along with the allocation of resources tailored to their medical needs. A descriptive study was conducted in order to assess nurses’ knowledge of medical triage between October 15, 2023, and April 1, 2024. A non-probability convenience sample comprising 50 nurses working in the Emergency Unit of the Al Hillah Teaching Hospital was included. The study utilized a questionnaire developed through a comprehensive review of the relevant literature and modified as necessary. Its content validity was established through evaluation by a panel of five experts. Data were collected using a researcher-developed, self-administered questionnaire in Arabic, employing both interview and self-report formats. Data analysis was performed using the SPSS software, version 24. The general level of nurses’ knowledge regarding medical triage, as assessed in this study, was found to be fair to good. It is recommended to appoint qualified registered nurses so as to enhance the quality of care provided in medical triage settings. © 2025, ZITA Medical Management. All rights reserved.

This study aimed at evaluating the performance of school health providers at primary health centers in Al-Hilla City (Hillah) through the application of a quality assurance framework. A descriptive evaluation study was conducted from October 5, 2024 to March 25, 2025. A purposive sample of 63 individuals was selected using a non-probability sampling technique from 15 primary healthcare centers, drawn from two health sectors within the Al-Hilla City Center under the Babylon Health Directorate in Iraq. The sample comprised 20 members of the medical staff and 43 members of the nursing staff. A panel of thirteen experts participated in a pilot study in order to assess the reliability of the evaluation instrument through content validity and internal consistency metrics. The findings indicate a growing demand and a diminishing supply of workforce in primary health care. The quality assurance assessment of school health activities performed by medical and nursing staff revealed a fair overall performance. However, health education services provided to teaching staff and students were found to be suboptimal. © 2025, ZITA Medical Management. All rights reserved.

Tobacco use remains one of the most pressing global health challenges. Approximately 80% of smokers worldwide reside in low-and middle-income countries, where the burden of tobacco-related morbidity and mortality is disproportionately high. Cigarette smoking is notably prevalent among university students. This study aimed at investigating and evaluating the awareness and determinants of smoking status within a university student sample, and at examining the association between awareness levels and smoking-related determinants. A descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was conducted involving 230 university students who smoke, recruited from Baghdad City. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire designed to assess participants’ awareness of smoking-related harms and the factors influencing their smoking behavior. The majority of the participants were male and aged between 18 and 23 years. Most reported smoking cigarettes and hookah, and demonstrated awareness of the harmful effects of smoking, including its role as a major cause of lung cancer, heart disease, and respiratory conditions. The lowest level of agreement was recorded for the statement linking smoking to road traffic accidents. Nearly half of the participants acknowledged that smoking negatively affects family income. Statistical analysis revealed a significant association between students’ awareness and the determinants of smoking status, as well as with their sociodemographic characteristics. © 2025, ZITA Medical Management. All rights reserved.

Background: Opportunistic Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) may cause a range of infections in humans and animals, from self-limiting to life-threatening. S. aureus might be acquired from food via contaminated hands or food contact surfaces. Orange peel extract has various therapeutic uses. Aim: This study aimed to estimate the antibacterial activity of orange peel extract against S. aureus in vitro by measuring the inhibition zone and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs). Methods: Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from food contact surfaces on mannitol salt agar in Kufa, Iraq. An aqueous extract of orange peel was prepared. The antimicrobial activities of the orange peel extracts against the recovered S. aureus isolates were tested using the agar well diffusion method by measuring the diameters of the inhibition zone on nutrient agar. Results: The results showed significant antibacterial activity (p < 0.05) of orange peels extract at different concentrations. All tested concentrations (10–100 mg/ml) had clear antimicrobial activities against S. aureus. The MIC recorded was 10 mg/ml. Such antimicrobial activities were comparable to those of the tested antimicrobials, such as trimethoprim, vancomycin, ciprofloxacin, and chloramphenicol. The lowest anti-S. aureus activities were recorded for azithromycin and clindamycin, with no anti-S. aureus activity for tobramycin. Conclusion: Orange peel extract had antibacterial activity against S. aureus. The correlation of the exponential increase in the diameter of the inhibition zone with increasing the extract concentrations of orange peel extract was well-marked. Therefore, orange peel extracts can be used in food preparations and hand washes to inhibit S. aureus growth. © 2025, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tripoli. All rights reserved.

Ginkgo Biloba is a potential medicinal plant used traditionally to treat various diseases. The present study aimed to evaluate the protective effect of Ginkgo Biloba against Genotoxicity Induced by Hyroxyurea in Mice. Forty male albino mice were randomly divided into 4 groups of ten animals. The first group received hydroxyurea (80mg/kg B. W) orally daily for 30 days, while second and third group received Ginkgo Biloba (100 mg/ kg.BW) and omega3 (150 mg/kg.BW) orally daily for two weeks of HU administration as protective and 4th group (C-ve) were considered as control negative group was given distilled water orally. After therapy by removing the bone marrow from the animal’s bone after anesthesia with ketamine+xylazine and slide preparation with Giemsa stain, experimental animals’ chromosomal abnormalities, mitotic index, and blast index were examined. In order to ascertain the protective activity of the plant extract, the mitotic index and blast index are also assessed. The results showed that the exposed group (T1) had a significantly lower mitotic index (the number of cells in mitosis per 1000 bone marrow cells) than the control group (which only drank distilled water). These results showed a significant decrease (p>0.05) of the mitotic index of (the T1) group that received hydroxyurea orally compared with the control group that received distilled water alone. On the other hand; (T2 and T3) groups that received Ginkgo Biloba and omega 3 respectively, revealed a significant increase (P<0.05) in the mitotic index compared with the T1 group that received hydroxyurea alone. The chromosomal aberrations results recorded a significant increase (P<0.05) in a group (T1) that was exposed to HU alone that suggested to be attributed to the genotoxic effect of the drug. On the other hand, a significant decrease (P>0.05) in the mean of chromosomal aberration in both groups (T2 and T3) that pretreated with GB extract and omega3 respectively. HU treatment caused serious CAs formations such as dicentric chromosome, Acentric, deletion, ring, and a high rate of breaks in bone marrow cells. As a results, GbE would be good candidates for administration as a supplement to decrease the Geno-toxicity side effects of a lot of chemotherapeutic agents. © 2023 by the authors. Licensee ResearchersLinks Ltd, England, UK. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

The current study was conducted to evaluate the healing aspect of skin fish collagen on the infected wound in local rabbits. A total of 16 mature animals were divided equally as control and treated groups. Lidocaine 2 % subcutaneously was used as a local anesthetic at the operative site, followed by surgical incision bout 3*4 cm induced full skin wound. Then, the wounds were contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus. After 24hr to 7 days of treatments, the results of temperature, respiration, and heart rates showed a significant difference between the two groups. Furthermore, the photographic scar aggregation in treated groups’ wounds appears less than in the control one. The histological results of the skin biopsies on the seventh and 21st days postoperative in the control group revealed extensive tissue necrosis and hemorrhage, and highly cellular granulation tissue, respectively. Whereas in the treated group on the 7th-day and 21st days post-operation, the histopathological sections revealed good epithelization with early granulation tissue formation characterized, excellent epithelization with a small amount of keratin on the surface, respectively. It was concluded that common carp skin collagen has a good therapeutically antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effect in wound healing. © 2022 Iranian Society of Ichthyology.

Objectives: The ligand of heterocyclic azo dye 2- [2- (4,5- dimethoxy carboxy phenyl) azo]- Imidazole, (DMCPAI) was achieve by coupling between a diazonium chloride solution of 2- amino - 4,5- dimethoxy benzoic acid with imidazole in alkaline ethanol solution. Setting: Two complexes with Co(III), Ni(II)and Cu(II) ions were achieved and qualified using existing techniques such as Mass spectral and 1H- NMR. Methods: Thirty male mice were randomly divided into six groups for determination of analgesic activity of new compounds. Animal primary randomly divided into six groups for Interaction study between new Azo imidazole derivatives by using inducer drug for CYP450 as Citalopram and inhibitors drugs for enzyme as azithromycin for 7 days given orally and efficacy of interaction to protect nikethamide lethality. Experimental design of study listed as group one still control, group 2 given Nikethamide high dose 200 mg/kg.I.P alone for induced over stimulation and tonic clonic convulsion, animals in group 3,4,5,6 after given 7 day orally daily citalopram and azithromycin for inducer and inhibitor of CYP450,at eight day pretreatment ([Co(L)2].Cl) or [Cu(L)2] with dose 3mg/kg and post treatment with nikethamide group treated with [Cu(L)2]. The results showed protective effect against convulsion of nikethamide via delay onset of action nikethamide, minimize number of convulsion with simple partial type of seizures as compared with nikethamide reveal status epilepticus convulsion persistent, in conclusion, the present study concluded that azithromycin potent inducer for CYP450 and has the ability to increase the activity of Cu(L)2 compound to decrease toxicity of nikethamide. © 2022 Authors. All rights reserved.

There has been a dearth of research on the gastroprotective effect of Conocarpus erectus in the literature so the current study was designed to estimate the ability of Conocarpus erectus (C. erectus) leaves extract alone and in combination with omega-3 regarding gastroprotective effects. A total of 30 male rats were divided into five groups (n = 6). All animals induced gastric ulcer by 80 mg/kg of naproxen orally twice a day for three consecutive days. At the same time, the animals treated orally with 175 mg/kg omega-3, 250 mg/kg C. erectus, 80 mg omega-3 + 150 mg C. erectus, 10 mg/kg of lansoprazole, and 2 ml/kg of DMSO were named T1, T2, T3, T4, and TC, respectively. The obtained results of the present study indicated the presence of flavonoids, saponin, and tannin as active ingredients in C. erectus leaves extract. Consequently, C. erectus seemed to have the potential of chelating metals in a concentration-dependent manner. Gross and histopathology findings showed the highly protective capability of C. erectus and omega-3 against ulcerative lesion, compared to the time each was used alone. The outcomes of the current study indicated that using C. erectus alone or plus omega-3 can protect the gastric mucosa from the ulceration induced by naproxen, and the chelating properties of C. erectus. © 2021. All Rights Reserved.