بحوث سكوبس — شيماء منذر محمد الديري

Syzygium aromaticum is an antibacterial activity against various pathogenic microorganisms. A broad range of anti-disease activities estimate its potential therapeutic uses in treating numerous infectious disorders. The study aims to understand better how Syzygium aromaticum extract inhibits human pathogenic bacteria and demonstrate how the extract works to prevent the formation of bacterial biofilms and adhesion. The antibacterial action of the aqueous extract of Syzygium aromaticum was evaluated by using disc diffusion and the assay Agar-well diffusion. Its efficacy was compared with the antibiotic and determined. Additionally, tests on adherence and biofilm formation were conducted. All bacteria isolated from gram-negative (G -ve) and gram-positive (G +ve) bacteria were sensitive to Syzygium aromaticum extract and the range of inhibition zone (20 to 28) mm. Most isolated bacteria were sensitive to floxacin. Most bacterial isolates of Gram-negative bacteria exhibited Moderate adherence and biofilm activity to these extracts. Some bacteria isolates exhibited high adherence and biofilm activity to aquatic extracts of Syzygium aromaticum. The studys' findings were that the extracts from Syzygium aromaticum were highly effective against a variety of G-positive and G-negative isolated clinically, suggesting that they are superior to antibiotics sold in stores. Apart from strong resistance to adhesion and biofilm development. © The Author(s).

Plants serve as rich reservoirs of essential secondary metabolites and are a vital source of pharmacological compounds, including active ingredients found in various plant parts. The antibacterial properties of plant extracts cannot be attributed to a single mechanism; rather, they depend on the diverse chemical components present in each extract. This study aims to investigate the inhibitory effects of Psyllium seed extract (Plantago ovata) on human pathogenic bacteria and to elucidate the mechanisms by which this extract inhibits bacterial biofilm formation and adhesion. The antimicrobial activity of the aqueous extract was assessed using agar-well diffusion and agar-disc diffusion assays. The results were compared with standard antibiotics. Additionally, tests for biofilm formation and adherence were conducted. All isolated Gram-negative (G−ve) and Gram-positive (G+ve) bacteria were sensitive to the Psyllium seed extract, with inhibition zones ranging from 20 to 25 mm. Most bacterial isolates demonstrated resistance to conventional antibiotics, with some showing sensitivity to ofloxacin. The majority of isolated Gram-negative bacteria exhibited moderate adherence and biofilm formation when exposed to the extracts, while certain strains showed strong adherence and biofilm activity. The findings indicate that Psyllium seed extracts possess significant antimicrobial efficacy against a broad spectrum of clinically relevant Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, surpassing the effectiveness of traditional antibiotics. Furthermore, these extracts effectively inhibit bacterial adherence and biofilm formation. © 2025, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR. All rights reserved.

Background: Treatment with melatonin as anti-oxidant’s supplements may has a role in psoriasis with diminished anti-oxidant system function. This medical trial targets the efficiency of melatonin as an adjunctive management with etanercept in mitigating the severity of chronic plaque psoriasis. Material & Methods: A double-blind prospective randomized clinical trial study conducted over a three-month period from 1st January 2022 to 30th March 2022 at Department of Dermatology at Merjan Teaching Hospital in Babylon City/ Iraq to assess the efficiency of melatonin as adjuvant therapy with etanercept in the management of psoriasis. Sixty adult patients (18 female, 42 males; age range 17-60 years) with psoriasis were selected through convenience sampling & distributed randomly into (2) groups. The group (A, n=30) received etanercept and placebo, whilst Group (B, n=30) received etanercept plus melatonin, orally, once daily. Psoriasis Area and Severity Index scores as a severity measuring index and blood levels of malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase were assessed at baseline and at the completion of the intervention. Results: A significantly improvement in the PASI score and oxidative indicators (MDA and SOD) were observed following both biological therapy and adjunctive melatonin treatment; For group A representing a 69.14% improvement. While for group D, PASI score, MDA and SOD representing an 81.87% improvement. Conclusion: The daily administration adjuvant therapy 5 mg melatonin supplementation with etanercept to patients with psoriasis for 3months had reduce the severity of disease in a short period time. © 2025. Ghadah Ali Al-Oudah, et al.

Objective: C-reactive and Pancreatic enzymes changes for COVID-19 patients were estimated. Methods: Eighty individuals of both sexes, age range (28-69 y), with a mean±SE of (46.2±1.7) were included in this study, Group I: COVID-19 patients and Group II Aged matched healthy people as the control group. Venous blood samples were taken for each individual, serum collected and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique (ELISA) was used to estimate the levels of C-reactive protein, lipase, and amylase, and we used a capture chemiluminescence immunoassay for IgM and an indirect chemiluminescence immunoassay for IgG. Results: The mean serum levels of IgM, IgG, CRP, were significantly higher in the patient group than in the control group (1.7 vs. 0.7 AU/ml, 2.86 vs. 0.27 AU/ml, 7.6 vs. 4 mg/dl) respectively and pancreatic enzymes (lipase, and amylase) were significantly higher in the patient group than in the control group (86 vs. 54U/l, and 66 vs. 39U/l), respectively. Conclusion, COVID-19 patients have an increased risk of exocrine secretion (lipase and amylase enzymes) and pancreatic damage. This work highlights the importance of pancreatic enzyme (amylase and lipase) estimation in affected patients. © 2025 The Authors. Published by Innovare Academic Sciences Pvt Ltd.

Pulmonary toxicity is a serious side effect of some specific anticancer drugs. Bleomycin is a well-known anticancer drug that triggers severe reactions in the lungs. It is an approved drug that may be prescribed for the treatment of testicular cancers, Hodgkin’s and non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas, ovarian cancer, head and neck cancers, and cervical cancer. A large number of experimental studies and clinical findings show that bleomycin can concentrate in lung tissue, leading to massive oxidative stress, alveolar epithelial cell death, the proliferation of fibroblasts, and finally the infiltration of immune cells. Chronic release of pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic molecules by immune cells and fibroblasts leads to pneumonitis and fibrosis. Both fibrosis and pneumonitis are serious concerns for patients who receive bleomycin and may lead to death. Therefore, the management of lung toxicity following cancer therapy with bleomycin is a critical issue. This review explains the cellular and molecular mechanisms of pulmonary injury following treatment with bleomycin. Furthermore, we review therapeutic targets and possible promising strategies for ameliorating bleomycin-induced lung injury. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

Aims Psoriasis is a complex, chronic, immune-mediated, and hereditary skin disease. The present study attempted to determine whether adding CoQ10 to biological therapy can help relieve inflammation in Iraqi patients suffering from moderate to severe psoriasis. Materials & Methods A prospective, double-blind clinical trial took place in the Department of Dermatology at Merjan Teaching Hospital in Babylon, Iraq, over three months from August to November 2021. 30 individuals from 17 to 72 years old with persistent plaque psoriasis who met the criteria for biological therapy were selected by the available sampling method. Participants were allocated into two groups (each 15 members); Group A was treated with Adalimumab + placebo (corn starch), and Group B was treated with Adalimumab + 100mg CoQ10 adjuvant. The Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) score was utilized. The sera were utilized to calculate the human superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde via the ELISA technique. Findings When compared to the patients before treatment, the two groups showed a substantial decline (p<0.05) after treatment; However, group B, which added CoQ10 to biological treatment, showed a highly significant decrease (p<0.05) in mean SOD level and MDA after treatment. Furthermore, following twelve weeks of treatment, group B’s use of combined adjuvant therapy showed even greater recovery, as indicated by a 79% PIC PASI score improvement instead of a 60% PIC score. Conclusion Daily administration of 100mg CoQ10 supplements to psoriatic subjects for 12 weeks has beneficial effects on reducing oxidative stress. Copyright© 2024, the Authors.

Glucose control is very imperative in diabetic patients, and the prevalence of diabetes has been increasing in various countries over the past few years. Insulin and oral hypoglycaemic drug dosing are based on measurements performed with glucose meters. Therefore, meter precision can have a major impact on insulin dosing accuracy. Inaccurate blood glucose other hypertensive and anti-inflammatory drugs. The purpose of the current study done by some students in the Pharmacy Department at Al-Rasheed University College in Baghdad, Iraq, from October through December 2022 is to compare the accuracy of three glucose meters (Accu-Check, VivaChek, and Prodigy) widely distributed and marketed as portable glucometers used by Iraqi diabetic patients in two separate studies, one for glucometer precision and the other as a comparative study for possible blood glucose measurement interferences with Acetaminophen and Ascorbic Acid. The devices used had different mechanism of the test strip. The study results indicated significant blood glucose–acetaminophen interference differences. However, there was no marked interference with ascorbic acid, and relatively consistent readings for the precision test over three days among the three tested glucometers. © RJPT All right reserved.

A comprehensive computational investigation was performed in this study on the adsorption of a penicillamine (PCA) molecule as drug onto Al- and Ga-doped B12N12 nanoclusters in aqueous and chloroform environments, using density functional theory calculations. The main aim was to evaluate the capability of the nanocluster in drug delivery applications. The PCA molecule interacts effectively with Al- and Ga-doped clusters via its four nucleophilic sites: amine, carbonyl, hydroxyl, and thiol. Using the computational results, the most stable adsorption complexes were obtained when the PCA molecule adsorbs through its amine group with −4.75 and −4.67 eV adsorption energies for Al-B11N12 and Ga-B11N12 nanocages, respectively. The adsorption of the PCA molecule decreases the HOMO–LUMO gaps and the global hardness of the doped clusters, which corroborated increases in reactivity of the considered clusters for drug delivery purpose. Our computational studies exhibit that Al and Ga atoms doping improves the drug delivery capacity of B12N12 nanoclusters. © 2023 Elsevier B.V.

Psoriasis refers to a medical condition involving long-term inflammation, high insulin resistance, obesity and a likelihood of cardiovascular disease. Objective: This paper attempts to find out if the addition of metformin to biological therapy has the beneficial effect of increasing insulin sensitivity in moderate to severe Iraqi psoriatic patients. Subjects and Methods: The experimental group comprises 24 patients suffering from moderate to severe psoriasis. They were randomly selected into two groups: group A comprises 13 psoriatic patients treated with 40 mg of adalimumab twice monthly for 12 weeks. While group B contains 11 psoriatic patients treated with 40 mg of adalimumab twice monthly and a single daily dose of 850 mg of metformin for 12 weeks. The psoriasis area and severity index (PASI), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), body mass index (BMI), as well as insulin-resistance parameters, which include fasting blood glucose (FBG) and fasting serum insulin (FSI) are estimated for each patient before and after completion of therapy. Results: The two groups showed a significant reduction in insulin resistance. Nonetheless, group B showed greater reduction. Furthermore, the PASI score of the two groups exhibited improvement, but group B exhibited a higher percentage improvement than group A, and the difference was significant (p < 0.05). Conclusion: This study demonstrates that adding a single daily dose of 850 mg of metformin has a more beneficial effect on insulin resistance (IR) in psoriasis patients than using only biological therapy. © 2023, Dr. Yashwant Research Labs Pvt. Ltd.. All rights reserved.

Oxidative stress is one of the pharmacological & toxicology mechanisms and an important pathological mechanism proposed for many diseases including cancer . Antioxidants remove these free-radical intermediates and inhibit other oxidation thus stopping the harmful chain reactions for all living cells, There is an increasing interest in the antioxidants measurement of plant constituents which has antioxidant components replace synthetic ones, citrus genus which belongs to Rutaceae family includes some of the most widely cultivated crops in the world because of their many nutritional and health benefits. It is an important economically but the attention to leaves and peel had not given importance in comparison to fruits despite the presence of phenols quantity that varies among species, therefore, this comparative study aims involve ethanolic citrus peel extract preparation, phytochemical investigation and antioxidant determination of two different species Citrus maxima (pomelo) and Citrus sinesis (sweet orange) fruit peel. The preliminary phytochemical analysis of the prepared peel extract showed the presence of several constituents of citrus peels as alkaloids, phenolics, flavonoids and rutin. Moreover, the result of in-vitro antioxidants activity of both citrus species showed that DPPH radical scavenging activity for peel extract exhibit a significant dose dependent inhibition with IC50 was calculated (287.32 ug/ml and 341.89 µg/ml) for pomelo & orange respectively compared to IC50 value of vitamin C which was 260.06 µg/ml as standard antioxidant . in conclusion, study results showed that pomelo peel show higher antioxidant activity compared to orange moreover, the citrus peel has significant antioxidant properties and it is potentially rich sources of natural antioxidants and PPE exhibited great efficiency in scavenging DPPH and reactive oxygen radicals . © 2023 University of Baghdad - College of Pharmacy. All rights reserved.

The lack of dedicated RV treatment makes early detection and effective vaccines important to prevent increased mortality and morbidity, as they can only be treated with fluid and electrolyte replacement. The study's goal was to assess the specificity and sensitivity of Reverse transcriptase PCR and Rapid immunochromatography techniques for Rotavirus detection. Between November 2020 and June 2021, 320 stool samples from children under the age of five were obtained at Babylon Teaching Hospital. Primary detection of Rotavirus contamination has executed the use of immunochromatography test (rapid test) LumiQuickAdeno-RotaVirus Antigen Comb takes a look at(Netherlands) and opposite transcriptase PCR in the detection of Rotavirus infection by means of using structural gene (vp4), the results discovered that Rotavirus became detected at a high rate in male stool samples (67.5%) rather than a girl (32.5%). December and Januarywere observed the biggest number of cases, with (46.6%) and (28.3%), respectively.The rural area had the highest rate of Rotavirus infection (56.6%), compared to (43.4%) in the urban area.The RT-PCR assay's excellent overall performance was also considered in its capability to identify Rotavirus RNA in 84 of 320 children's prevalence (26.25%). © 2023, Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. All rights reserved.

The hydrogel of the β-sheet self-assembled peptides is one of the powerful vehicles for the drug delivery and other biomedical applications. This class of hydrogel contains both hydrophilic and hydrophobic moieties. Therefore, it plays an integral part in the delivering of the hydrophobic drugs, which considers as a main challenge to overcome when dealing with hydrogels, this is because hydrogels are hydrophilic in nature. Herein, Doxorubicin has been used as a model anticancer agent because it is the most widely known as an anthracycline antibiotic with high anticancer activity. The major challenge with this chemotherapeutic agent its poor aqueous solubility, thus attempts have been made to transform it into hydrogel via hydrophobic interactions. The release of doxorubicin from the hydrogels at the tumour cells, is the vital aim here. Controlling the Dox release has been achievable through monitoring several parameters, such as the gel concentrations, PH, time, and the number of lysine residues. The mechanical properties, secondary structure and the morphology of the peptide hydrogels and Dox hydrogels were also assessed, via using the Rheometer, FTIR and SEM. © 2023, Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. All rights reserved.

Chemoresistance has remained a significant concern in tumor recurrence and elevated cancer-related mortalities. A deep insight into mechanisms by which cancerous cells resist administered drugs can pave the way to overcome chemotherapy-induced cell death and develop novel procedures to rescue patients. Regarding accumulated data, stem cell-derived exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) can be deemed a novel and promising method to overcome chemoresistance. It seems exosomal miRNAs play a dual role in the cancer microenvironment. On the one hand, as a messenger, they are transferred between donor and recipient cells contributing to cancer chemoresistance. On the other hand, stem cell-derived exosomal miRNA significantly restrains tumorigenesis and inhibits or alleviates drug resistance in the tumor niche. Hence, our purpose in this review evaluating the roles of stem cells-derived exosomal microRNAs in overcoming chemoresistance in tumors. © 2022 Elsevier B.V.

The ethanol extract of Citrus maxima fruit peel was evaluated for its hypoglycaemic and hypolipidemic activity in normal and Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats, using fasting and glucose tolerance test measurements. Experiments were performed using Thirty-Two Male Wister albino rats randomly divided into 4 groups and each group have 8 animals. Group1 assigned as a control injected with normal saline only. Group 2 assigned as a diabetic control injected with Streptozotocin 50mg/Kg, Group 3 assigned for diabetic + Citrus maxima in a dose of 400mg/Kg, Group 4 is assigned for the diabetic + Citrus maxima in a dose of 600mg/Kg. The Streptozotocin is injected intraperitonially to all animal in the groups except the control group. Blood samples were collected from animal before and at 21th day end of the study period. Body weight, blood glucose, serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and HDL cholesterol were analysed using diagnostic kits. Serum was separated from blood samples collected. In addition oral glucose tolerance test was performed in overnight fasted control animals. Results showed that Citrus maxima extract possesses significant antidiabetic activity against streptozotocin induced diabetic rats by decreasing blood glucose levels, maintaining body weight, and serum lipid concentrations to approximate normal level. Furthermore, the extract of the title plant possesses dose dependent antidiabetic activity. © RJPT All right reserved.

Vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin) is essential for normal RBC formulation, nerve, proteins in the body, certain enzyme reactions, and neurologic function. Vitamin B12 is given both as an oral supplement and intramuscular single dose with multiple and consecutive treatment in an injection. Long-acting formulations are required with the use of polymeric biodegradable implants. This study focuses specifically on the formulation of sterilized vitamin B12 loaded implants by using a biodegradable polymeric implant, poly-lactic glycolic acid (PLGA). In addition to the establishment of in vitro release of vitamin B12 as a function of time. One set of in vitro parameters to demonstrate in vivo serum concentration and release for implants using a single PLGA polymer in rats. Six sterilized different batches of vitamin B12 loaded implants were produced and only four of them were tested in vivo using rats’ models. It was found that B12 would not be adversely affected by potentially low pH environments. An in vitro release study of vitamin B12 from biodegradable polymeric implants was studied and followed over 50 days. Pharmacokinetic profile from PLGA implants were tested in rats for the four selected batches over 30 days to assess the prospect of creating a long term, sterile, drug delivery system for B12 supplementation. The onset was rapid and serum concentration was approximately 6-12 ng/ml at 10 days and decreased to about 2-4 ng/ml at 15 day and followed by increasing to ~28 ng/ml 30 days. Although implants were removed at 45 days, there was no detectable B12 in serum and this was consistent with residual B12 content in the extracted implants. This study demonstrates the stability of vitamin B12 against pH environment of the polymer degradation during the release study. Current results suggest that implants containing B12 could achieve appropriate release of medication within approximately one week and last for at least 45 days. This study is fundamentally representing a feasible and acceptable drug delivery system. © 2020 EManuscript Technologies. All rights reserved.