بحوث سكوبس — صفا علي حسين المشهداني

The life cycle of the oil and gas transmission line consists of several critical stages: design, construction or installation, operation and maintenance and finally, repair. During the planning phase and before undertaking any work to build a new pipeline, there are several factors affecting the design process that must be taken into consideration: impact on the environment, approval and legislative considerations. The transportation process is one of the main stages of oil industry and oil transportation negatively impacts the environment. The Gulf countries were affected by transporting oil due to their heavy dependence on it, which required them to deal with damage with the latest tools. The impact of oil pollution not only on the environment but also economically. The negative effect of transporting oil to the environment, whether it is surface or groundwater or soil, does not mean abandoning oil, but rather confronting damage with all modern means. The current study spot the light on oil transportation ways and issues alongwith solutions that could be detected to reduce such issues. The combination of the need for energy for transportation of tanker, economies of scale, commitment, determination of water balance levels and periodic follow-up of pipeline to avoid leaks and spills and to ensure the continuity of development of oil industry. © 2024 Kalpana Corporation. All rights reserved.

This paper is intended to investigate the preparation of a complex ion Ni chloride (II) and with ligand Schiff base (N, N) dimethyl of the amino Benzaldhyde and characterized ligand prepared and complexion Ni chloride(II). These metallic organic chemical compounds have been checked using Spectroscopic Techniques Spectrums of infrared and spectra of UV. The study included a Test of the Corrosion Rate of free matter and nickel complex in tap water solution in a linear polarization method By the linear polarization curves resulting from Tafel device readings. The results showed that the nickel complex has an effective inhibitory effect due to the low current value, which increases its corrosion resistance. © 2022 NIDOC (Nat.Inform.Document.Centre). All rights reserved.

Scholars have spent much time studying metal deposition procedures involving the deposition of electroless nickel, alloy, and composite coatings on various surfaces; the most current uses were feasible advantages of the coatings' many good properties for achieving the final product innovation. Lately, these coatings have demonstrated intriguing wear and corrosion resistance features, resulting in several innovative macro-level developments. The notion of composite coating by co-deposition coating has been presented in this article. The characteristics of Ni-Pb alloy coatings were examined by inserting ZrO2 particles into the electroless deposited solution. The stainless steel (SS) specimens have been electroless coated with Ni-Pb and ZrO 2 nanoparticles (size = 30-70 nm) at 0, 10, and 20 g/L amounts. The materials have been examined using scanning electron microscope and atomic force microscope, followed by wear-resistant and microhardness testing. According to the investigation findings, including inert particles improved the hardness magnitude and wearing resistance considerably. The base metal exhibited the highest wear rate at 10 N, while the wear rate decreased in the Ni-Pb- ZrO 2 -coated SS316L by 34%. The Vickers hardness magnitudes of the Ni-Pb- ZrO 2-coated samples at different ZrO 2 contents (0, 10, and 20 g/L) were 19, 50, and 81%, respectively. © 2022 the author(s), published by De Gruyter.

This research aims to stabilize clayey soil utilizing fluid catalytic cracking with an unchangeable ordinary portland cement ratio of 3 percent. A soft clayey soil was blended with 1.5, 3, 4.5, and 6 percent of fluid catalytic cracking by the dry stabilized soil weight, the ordinary portland cement amount has been fixed at 3 percent. The adding of different FCC ratios impact cement stabilized soil evaluated based on the results of unconfined-compressive-strengths test that gained after curing for 7 and 28 days. It was noticeable from the results that the best combination is the combination of soil remedied with 3 percent of each cement and FCC in improving the compressive strengths from 249.80 to 806.20k Pa for the stabilized soil after curing for 28 days. The most highlighting soil binder combination was analyzed utilizing scanning electron microscopy. It was noticed from the scanning electron microscopy results; cementitious materials were produced after 7 days of curing and improved more after curing for eight days. © 2022, Union of Iraqi Geologists. All rights reserved.

The shields factor seems to be a non-dimensional quantity which is utilized to determine the commencement of sediments movement in channels. This study intends to analyze sediments movement in channels of drainage and irrigation in Iraq by utilizing these characteristics as a determinant, and to establish a suitable formula to describe this impact in estimating sediments discharge. Based on seasonal unpredictability of the data, the field and laboratory work was completed across a 36-month period from January 2015 to January 2018. The soil texture was silty sand with a little clay amount, and the specific gravity magnitudes of the soil specimens vary from 2.66-2.73. Furthermore, the Shields factor magnitudes (θ) for movement were greater comparison with the critical magnitudes (θcr) in all channels; sediments transmission has been situated along the channels, according to the research. Using the Shields factor, two logarithmic formulas have been devised to quantify sediments discharge. The Flowing in irrigation channels has a correlation magnitude of 0.9007, whereas the Flowing in drainage channels has a correlation coefficient of 0.644. This demonstrated that the shields factor and sediments transport in irrigation channels had a significant degree of association. The drainage channels, on the other hand, have a significantly lower degree of correlation. This reflects the requirement to design a routine maintenance schedule for certain channels and to ensure that hydraulic Flowing criteria are met © The Author 2022. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) that allows others to share and adapt the material for any purpose (even commercially), in any medium with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal

Recently, the demands on the concretes with no fines aggregate has been increased as a results of the industry revolution. Many researchers are trying to recycle the concretes and rubble. In addition, the increase in noise in the surrounding environment as a result of the growing population and cars has generated an urgent need to produce concretes characterized by good sound insulation. No-fines concretes is considered as a kind of porous lightweight concretes, gained by removing the sand from the ordinary concrete mixture. The aim of this study is replacing the coarse aggregate by waste ceramics in order to reduce the wastes as well as investigate strengths against compression s, density and porosity of No-fines concretes before and after substitution the coarse aggregate by waste ceramics. The methodology of this research paper has been mainly depending on strengths against compression s test and the measured ultrasonic pulse velocity as well as the density. The investigational research has been implemented by 54 samples cast by six various blending proportion consisting of (cement, coarse aggregate, water) utilizing ceramic wastes (CWs) as a substation ratio of coarse aggregates in making concretes free of fine aggregate, so that the proportions of ceramic residues are (0, 10%, 20, 30, 40, 50) as a partial substation of the coarse aggregates and examined at the ages of (7, 28 and 90) days. The mechanism of failure has been detected and categorized beside the concrete's density and void percentage have been collected. The results show that, the increasing the substitution ratio for waste ceramic within the no-fine mixtures cause a decrease in the density with increasing the strengths against compression s for the specimens. © 2021. The Author. All Rights Reserved.

The shields factor seems to be a non-dimensional quantity which is utilized to determine the commencement of sediments movement in channels. This study intends to analyze sediments movement in channels of drainage and irrigation in Iraq by utilizing these characteristics as a determinant, and to establish a suitable formula to describe this impact in estimating sediments discharge. Based on seasonal unpredictability of the data, the field and laboratory work was completed across a 36-month period from January 2015 to January 2018. The soil texture was silty sand with a little clay amount, and the specific gravity magnitudes of the soil specimens vary from 2.66-2.73. Furthermore, the Shields factor magnitudes (θ) for movement were greater comparison with the critical magnitudes (θcr) in all channels; sediments transmission has been situated along the channels, according to the research. Using the Shields factor, two logarithmic formulas have been devised to quantify sediments discharge. The Flowing in irrigation channels has a correlation magnitude of 0.9007, whereas the Flowing in drainage channels has a correlation coefficient of 0.644. This demonstrated that the shields factor and sediments transport in irrigation channels had a significant degree of association. The drainage channels, on the other hand, have a significantly lower degree of correlation. This reflects the requirement to design a routine maintenance schedule for certain channels and to ensure that hydraulic Flowing criteria are met. © The Author 2022. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) that allows others to share and adapt the material for any purpose (even commercially), in any medium with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.