بحوث سكوبس — رسل عبد الامير غازي العمار

The utilization of natural resources in the synthesis of nanoparticles has emerged as a cost-effective and environmentally sustainable strategy, fostering significant advancements in various fields. This study presents the synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles doped with silver nanoparticles utilizing Heracleum persicum (H. persicum) extract (CuO-Ag@H. persicum). Characterization techniques including XRD, FT-IR, SEM, and TEM confirmed the successful synthesis of homogeneous CuO-Ag@H. persicum nanoparticles without impurities, exhibiting a spherical morphology with sizes ranging from 35 to 65 nm. The incorporation of silver nanoparticles on the surface of the copper oxide introduces unique optical properties, notably the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) phenomenon, enhancing photocatalytic activity. Under UV and sunlight irradiation, CuO-Ag@H. persicum nanoparticles displayed superior photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants (rhodamine B and erythrosine) compared to pure copper oxide nanoparticles. Remarkably, under UV light, CuO-Ag@H. persicum nanoparticles achieved degradation percentages of 97.6% and 94.3% for rhodamine B and erythrosine, respectively, surpassing pure copper oxide nanoparticles. Additionally, the antibacterial efficacy of CuO-Ag@H. persicum nanoparticles was evaluated against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, demonstrating promising minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC). According to the antibacterial activity results, the MIC value against Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella pneumoniae was 5, 5, 2.5, and 1.25 mg/ml, respectively. This study underscores the significant potential of synthesized CuO-Ag@H. persicum nanoparticles in environmental and biomedical applications, particularly in enhanced photocatalytic degradation and antibacterial activities, thereby contributing to novel advancements in material science with practical implications. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

Plasmonic nanomaterials have garnered significant attention for their enhanced optical, antibacterial, and anticancer properties, owing to their surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effects. In this study, ZnO and ZnO/Ag nanoparticles were synthesized using green synthesis approach. The structural, morphological, and physicochemical properties of the fabricated nanomaterials were systematically characterized via X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and dynamic light scattering (DLS). XRD analysis confirmed the hexagonal wurtzite structure of ZnO, while additional peaks in ZnO/Ag nanoparticles indicated successful silver incorporation. TEM imaging revealed a spherical morphology with average particle sizes of 35 ± 10 nm for ZnO and 55 ± 10 nm for ZnO/Ag. The antibacterial activity of the nanoparticles was assessed against Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterococcus faecalis using broth microdilution method. ZnO/Ag nanoparticles exhibited superior antibacterial efficacy, particularly against Gram-negative strains, due to the synergistic action of ZnO-mediated oxidative stress and Ag⁺-induced membrane disruption. The plasmonic properties of Ag further contributed to the antibacterial effect by enhancing reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation under light exposure. Moreover, the MTT assay demonstrated a dose-dependent cytotoxic effect on A-549 lung carcinoma cells, with ZnO/Ag nanoparticles displaying a lower IC50 than ZnO. The enhanced anticancer activity was attributed to increased mitochondrial dysfunction, ROS generation, and apoptosis induction, further amplified by plasmonic interactions. These findings highlight the potential of ZnO/Ag nanomaterials as promising candidates for biomedical applications, particularly in antimicrobial and anticancer therapies. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2025.

This research presents the fabrication and characterization of a multifunctional nanocomposite film by incorporating CuO and In2O3 nanostructures within a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) matrix. Unlike conventional single-component composites, this work features a unique formulation that integrates the synergistic effect of CuO and In2O3 particles within the polymer, simultaneously enhancing the optical and antibacterial properties, targeting effective and low-cost applications in the medical and optoelectronic fields. The structure and surface are analyzed using optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Optical studies, in the spectral range (260-860 nm), show a significant improvement in the absorbance and optical conductivity with increasing nanoparticle content. The incorporation of 3wt.% CuO-In2O3 increases the absorbance by about 55% and the optical conductivity by about 35%, with the optical energy gap, decreasing from 4.394 eV (for the pure polymer) to 1.824 electron volt (eV), and this indicates improved light absorption efficiency. The antibacterial activity also shows a proportional improvement with increasing nanoparticle concentration, highlighting the dual functionality of the composite. Compared with the PVA-based nanocomposite materials reported in the previous literature, the developed CuO-In2O3 system offers superior multifunctionality and provides a more efficient and scalable route for the design of antibacterial materials with superior optical performance in the future. © 2025 The authors. This article is published by IIETA and is licensed under the CC BY 4.0 license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

Doping with graphene nanosheets has attracted significant interest from researchers to enhance the structure and properties of nanomaterials because of graphene's unique properties and broad and essential applications. The study aims to focus on the effect of functional groups of both polymers and nanomaterials to fabricate a new nanocomposite consisting of poly (acrylamide) (PAAm) with poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) before and after the addition of graphene oxide nanosheets (GO) and studying its structural and optical properties. The developed method (dissolving with water, mixing, sonication, and casting) showed success in fabricating new nanocomposites for the first time by mixing these components with a ratio of 4.5: 4.5: 1 as percentages (PAAm: PVA: GO). Samples showed homogeneity of the polymer mixtures with each other and the excellent dispersion of graphene oxide nanosheets in the new polymer nanocomposite as exhibited by optical microscopy. The spectra of the Fourier infrared spectroscopy showed the strong interfacial interaction of the two polymers in the polymeric mixture with GO nanoparticles as nanocomposites. Also, X-ray diffraction showed shifting in some peak positions and increased crystallization of the polymers in the nanocomposites. The nanocomposites showed a notable improvement in the optical properties due to doping the polymeric mixture with graphene oxide compared with their blended polymers. The energy gap also significantly decreased after the contribution of graphene oxide up to 136% and 900% for the permitted and prohibited direct transfers, respectively. These results exposed promising nanocomposites for widespread applications such as solar cells. © 2023 AIP Publishing LLC.

Molecular weight (Mw) is an important feature that affects the physicochemical properties of polymers and their matrices. This study focused on the impact of increasing the Mw of polyethylene glycol (PEG) (4, 8 and 20 K) mixed with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). Graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets were employed to reinforce the polymer matrix by aquatic mixing-sonication-casting to prepare the nanocomposites and investigate their optical properties. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed strong interfacial interactions among the components and successful fabrication of the nanocomposites. Optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy confirmed the fine homogeneity of the polymers and the excellent dispersion of nanosheets in the matrix. The absorption peak was located in the ultraviolet region related to GO. PEG Mw and GO additive significantly improved optical properties such as absorbance, real and imaginary dielectrics and the absorption coefficient constant up to 75%, 40%, 120% and 77%, respectively. An enhancement in the optical properties was also observed after the energy gap values for allowed and forbidden transitions were improved up to 90% and 375%, respectively. These findings suggest the potential of these materials for several applications, such as in photovoltaic devices and heavy metal ion absorption for nuclear waste management. © 2022. the Author(s), licensee AIMS Press. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0).

Using green chemistry is an attractive proposed method for making nano photocatalysts for the photodegradation of organic pollutants. This work introduces the novel magnetic green nickel ferrite for the removal of dyes from wastewater. In this regard, green nickel ferrite nanostructures were prepared through a wet chemical route. The peppermint extract was utilized for the engineering of shape and size. The energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) analyses confirmed the formation of pure nickel ferrite with a desirable crystalline structure. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) approved that the peppermint extract leads to the formation of regular and uniform nickel ferrite. The obtained hysteresis loop from the vibrating-sample magnetometer (VSM) showed the superparamagnetic behavior of prepared nickel ferrite. The optical property is a key factor for photocatalytic activity. So UV-Vis spectroscopy was applied for characterizing the optical properties of the sample. The optical band gap of prepared nickel ferrite was calculated 2.88 eV. Finally, the prepared green nickel ferrite was applied to remove rhodamine B and methylene blue from the water solution. The results showed that prepared nickel ferrite can be introduced as a promising candidate for the removal of organic pollutants. The prepared nano photocatalyst could photodegrade 71.6% and 84.2% of rhodamine B and methylene blue under visible light. © This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

In this paper, methyl ammonium lead halide perovskite (CH3NH3PM3) nanoparticles prepare by the hydrothermal method. Thin films fabrication by deposition on the porous silicon substrate, with employment of drop casting method, then prepared of (CH3NH3PM3) NPs solution. Porous silicon (PSi) substrate fabricated and used as a substrate, by using p - type of silicon wafers (p-Si) in the aid of utilized Teflon chemical cell with a fixed synthesis parameters at etching time (10 min) and current density (10 mA/cm2). The heterojunction [Al/TiO2/CH3NH3PbI3/PSi/p-Si/Al] was fabricated by depositing process. Optical measurements were calculated from photoluminescence spectra within the range (300-900) nm, to estimate the energy band gap of CH3NH3PM3 NPs which was found (1.75 - 1.85) eV for the concentration prepared. The electrical measurements current - voltage (I-V) characterization were examined in dark and illumination conditions, for the heterojunction. The current increased with increasing the voltage in case of forward bias. Photodetector application for the heterojunction [Al/TiO2/CH3NH3PbI3/PSi/p-Si/Al] was characteristic by two peaks of spectral responsitivity in range (400-1000) nm, the highest spectral responsitivity value for heteroj unctions prepared (1.95) A/W. And the specific detectivity values was found equal to (32 x 1012) cm Hz1/2 W-1,. © 2022 American Institute of Physics Inc.. All rights reserved.

Graphene has unique electrical properties at room temperature properties with a flexible 2D layer and stronger material over discovered and use to enhance the electrical properties of materials. This study investigated the influence of two important factors the molecular weights (Mw) of polymer and the concentration of nanofillers on the electrical properties of samples. Hybrid nanocomposites were fabricated from polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) with three different molecular weights (4 k, 8 k, and 20 k) using developed mixing-sonication-solution methods. This method was successfully exhibited a fine homogeneity and good dispersion of both polymers and nanofillers in the matrix as displayed by using an optical microscope (OM). The effect of the addition of graphene oxide on the alternating electrical properties showed a reduction in the dielectric constant and the isolation loss of the polymer compounds (PVA-PEG-GO) with increasing the frequency of the electric field and the loss of isolation increased. It was also shown that the increase of electrical conductivity is noticeable with samples by increasing the molecular weight of PEGs to the highest at 20 k Mw. Increasing the polymer molecular weight in addition to the contribution of GO revealed an extraordinary improvement of the electrical properties that bring promising and performance materials for electronic, photovoltaic devices, heterojunction, solar cells, and energy storage systems, other substantial applications. © 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Nanostructured tin sulfide (SnS) films were grown by chemical bath deposition (CBD) employing trisodium citrate (TSC) as complex agent. Investigation of the effect of different molar concentrations of TSC (0.10, 0.15 and 0.20 M) on the phases of SnS was done. Structure, morphology and optical properties were studied through the use of x-ray diffraction XRD, which proves that the as-prepared SnS films orthorhombic polycrystalline structure. XRD displays that peak of maximum intensity corresponds to the preferred orientation (002) of SnS films at TSC concentration 0.20 M. The decrement of average crystalline size values was due increment of TSC content. A study of SnS morphology indicates the presence of homogeneous grains, while when concentration of TSC of 0.20 M, the grains were not homogeneous and have different sizes. The AFM image showed that the grain size was observed in the area of 72.57 nm to 60.35 nm with concentration of TSC from 0.10 M to 0.20 M respectively. The results showed excellent optical transparency. The optical transmittance reduced from 95 to 80% with increasing TSC content. The ban gap was also reduced of 1.45 to 1.25 eV with increasing TSC content. The results refer that TCS act as a crucial role in the grown of SnS films. © 2021. All Rights Reserved.

Monolayer materials are promising material in applications, such as possess some layers with sturdy in-plane bonds. These materials represents two-dimensional (2D) materials which are possess a vertical weak Van der Waals (VdW) interactions sandwiched among the neighboring sheets. These structures of layers offer the chance to be split to free atomic layers. So new class material with two dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides which includes PtS2 (Se2) have unique geometric structural, electronic and optical properties are studied. It has attracted the attention of many researchers for its extensive applications in (catalysis, sensing, electronics, and optoelectronics devices). It has been disclosed from the outcomes that these monolayers are dynamically stable according to the phonon calculations. Also, the direct band gaps located at K point for MoS2 and MoSe2 are 1.67 eV and 1.484 eV and for PtS2 and PtSe2 located between Γ-M points are 1.887 and 1.66, respectively. Also, the PtS2 have indirect band gap of about 1.775 eV situated at KΓ- ΓM and for PtSe2 is 1.401 eV at Γ- ΓM path. The results show that the maximum absorption coefficients are between 14×104 and 16.4×104 cm-1 for PtS2 and MoSe2, respectively. Besides, the maximum conductivities are between 2.09×101 and 3.65×1015 1/s for PtSe2 and MoS2, and the major values Likewise, the optical properties determined over rang energy 0.30 eV. The work function is equal 6.197eV for PtS2 and 5.628eV for PtSe2. It has been shown by studying photon dispersion of both monolayers that it is stable because it does not contain imaginary frequencies. © 2021 Trans Tech Publications Ltd, Switzerland.

Thin films from (TiO2: ZnO)1-x(GO)x (x=0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8) ml have been prepared by spray pyrolysis technique through depositing on FTO coated glass substrates. Electrical is characteristic was investigated by current-voltage (I-V), capacitance-voltage (C-V) measurements. The (I-V) measurement showed that heterojunction from symmetric type (isotope), Ideality factor (β) value increased from1.63 to 2.48 where (β) > 1 the recombination current was dominates, rectification ratios increased from 30.62 to 77.43 because of reduction in the depletion layer from 127nm to 56.4nm which investigated by (C-V) measurements, as well as the built-in voltage (Vbi) and the barrier height ØB decreased from 1.42 V to 0.65 V and 1.62 to 0.79eV respectively. The increase in graphene oxide ratio lead to increase in the majority carriers in turn leads to reduction in Fermi levels. Such tests showed that the electrical properties of the prepared thin films improved and indicated that GO acts as a semiconductor and can be used for flexible and transparent optical-electronic devices. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

In this work, the nanostructured CuO: Ag is deposited utilizing chemical spray pyrolysis CSP. The structure and morphology nanostrucred CuO: Ag were analyzed by XRD and AFM. XRD results showed the impact of Ag doping with 2% to 4% because decreasing the crystal. The energy gap decreases from 2.4 eV to 2.32 eV as the Ag doping increased. © 2020 Alpha Publishers. All rights reserved.

In this research, Cd1-xZnx S thin films were prepared by spray pyrolysis technique on silicon substrate at a temperature 360°C. The reverse bias capacitance for Cd1-xZnx S/n-Si heterojunciton was measured as a function of bias voltage at frequency 1MHz . The capacitance decreases with increasing of reverse bias voltage and increase with vol. of (x), it increases from 334-577 pF with increase of the (x) while the depletion width decreasing with increasing (x). We noted that these heterojunction are abrupt and the value of built-in potential decreases from 0.7-0.27 V with increasing of the ZnS vol.%. The sensitivity as a function of operating temperature in the range 100-300°C for Cd1-xZnx Sthin films were prepared by spray pyrolysis technique on glass substrate at 360°C. It is obvious that the sensitivity of all films increases with increasing of the operating temperature. © Medwell Journals, 2018.