Aircraft braking systems are important mechanical components that contribute to safety during landing operations. These systems are subjected to significant thermal and mechanical loads as a result of converting the aircraft’s kinetic energy into thermal energy through friction. The importance of this process increases with the aircraft’s speed and mass, making temperature control within brake discs a fundamental consideration in the design of aircraft mechanical systems. When an aircraft’s wheels make contact with the runway, the brakes begin to reduce the rotational speed of the wheels, generating heat through friction between the braking surfaces. This heat is not always distributed uniformly, as its distribution is influenced by several factors, including the material of the brake discs, the contact pressure between surfaces, rotational speed, braking duration, and the efficiency of heat transfer to the surrounding air. Uneven temperature distribution may lead to thermal stresses within the disc, potentially causing localized deformation or cracks that affect its service life. The thermal and mechanical properties of the materials used in manufacturing brake discs play an important role in determining their ability to withstand these conditions. Materials with high-temperature resistance and resistance to thermal degradation help improve system performance and reduce the likelihood of damage. Furthermore, designing brake discs to dissipate heat efficiently helps limit excessive heat accumulation, particularly when landings occur repeatedly within short periods. From a mechanical engineering perspective, heat distribution can be studied using mathematical models and computer simulations that illustrate temperature variations in different parts of the disc during and after braking. These methods make it possible to identify areas exposed to the highest temperatures and evaluate the effects of aircraft speed, braking duration, and material properties on thermal performance. Engineering analyses also help improve design, select suitable materials, and develop cooling methods, thereby enhancing the reliability of braking systems. Integrating thermal analysis, mechanical design, and aviation technologies provides a scientific foundation for developing more efficient braking systems capable of withstanding various operating conditions. Attention to this aspect contributes to extending component service life, reducing maintenance requirements, and supporting aircraft safety during landing operations. However, the results of thermal analyses must be validated through appropriate testing and relevant engineering data. Engineer Tamar Ahmed Mohammed