Scopus Research — Suadad S. Mahdi

Fifth-age (5G) networks are designed to give significant upgrades in execution and capacities. One of the essential elements of 5G is its help for exceptionally high information speeds. Furthermore, it expects to further develop reaction times and oblige countless clients and associated gadgets all the while, which works with the extension of Internet of Things (IoT) applications and cutting edge innovations like self-driving vehicles. Because of safety dangers, especially DoS/DDoS attacks, focusing on these organizations, upgrading their security is urgent. Subsequently, this paper explains the idea of 5G organization cutting and features the weakness focuses for DoS/DDoS attacks in 5G organization cutting. It also reviews the latest proposed solutions to detect and reduce the impact of such attacks that are appropriate for 5G networks. The paper also suggests ideas for future research to make 5G networks more secure. As a result, this paper helps network operators protect their virtual networks and continue providing service even when new types of attacks occur. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.

As a result of the development of new generation networks, which include many heterogeneous services and devices, it was necessary to find a technology capable of covering the diversity that occurred. Virtual Software Defined Network (vSDN) is one of the most important technologies in the field of networking. It is concerned with optimizing the use of network infrastructure by creating virtual networks (network slicing) within the same physical network, considering the isolation of each network from the other. This paper uses mininet network emulation to configure network infrastructure and FlowVisor hypervisor to virtualize infrastructure and enable multiple SDN controllers. It also presents the implementation of three scenarios for implementing network slicing and comparing them. The results show that the greater the number of tenants and dividing the network into more than two slices, the performance approaches and may be equal to the network performance without using FlowVisor, and this leads to controlling the delay rate and the data transfer rate. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

Network programming provides new security solutions for traditional networks. However, software-defined networking still suffers from security issues. An important one is the weaknesses related to the OpenFlow channel between network devices and controller, as the network can be attacked via the OpenFlow channel and exploit communications with the control plane. Our work proposes a solution to provide adequate security for OpenFlow messages in software-defined networks by using a hybrid key consisting of classical and quantum key distribution protocols to provide double security depending on the quantum's computational complexity and physical properties. To achieve this goal, the hybrid key is used with transport layer security protocol to provide confidentiality, integrity and quantum authentication to secure software-defined network connections between the control and data planes. We experimentally based on the SDN-Testbed to show the workflow of exchanging quantum and classical keys between the control plane and network devices in the data plane, and our results showed the effectiveness of the hybrid key to enhance the security of the transport layer security protocol. Thereby achieving adequate security for controller communications with the data plane against classical and quantum computer attacks by conducting security analysis and clarifying the efficiency of the proposal in terms of the average required time. © 2022 IEEE.

Software Defined Networking (SDN) refers to the separation of the control plane from the data plane and provision of the centralized control to manage the whole network. As a result, networks become more dynamic, scalable, programmable, and manageable. Although network programming provides new possibilities for security solutions, the security of the network itself remains a challenge and the Controller-Switch channel is considered the major challenge, as the network can be attacked via a Controller-Switch channel and exploit communications with the controller although the The Controller-Switch channel was secured via Transport Layer Security protocol (TLS) to achieve authenticated and secure communication via the channel. On the other hand, there are problems related to the protection of user data especially after the emergence of quantum computers. © 2022 IEEE.

Software-defined networking (SDN) has revolutionized the world of technology as networks have become more flexible, dynamic and programmable. The ability to conduct network slicing in 5G networks is one of the most crucial features of SDN implementation. Although network programming provides new security solutions of traditional networks, SDN and network slicing also have security issues, an important one being the weaknesses related to openflow channel between the data plane and controller as the network can be attacked via the openflow channel and exploit communications with the control plane. Our work proposes a solution to provide adequate security for openflow messages through using a hybrid key consisting of classical and quantum key distribution protocols to provide double security depending on the computational complexity and physical properties of quantum. To achieve this goal, the hybrid key used with transport layer security protocol to provide confidentiality, integrity and quantum authentication to secure openflow channel. We experimentally based on the SDN-testbed and network slicing to show the workflow of exchanging quantum and classical keys between the control plane and data plane and our results showed the effectiveness of the hybrid key to enhance the security of the transport layer security protocol. Thereby achieving adequate security for openflow channel against classical and quantum computer attacks. © 2022 Scientific Association for Infocommunications. All rights reserved.

Encryption is one of the techniques used for securing images, so in this study, we proposed a quantum encryption system which consists of two layers. The first layer, geometric transformations perform for the quantum bits of quantum image, while the second layer relies on encrypting these qubits by using a block quantum encryption algorithm. Quantum key distribution is used with quantum encryption algorithm for securing key exchange process between the sender and receiver. This paper presents a simulation using python programming language to convert classical bit to qubit by representing it as a quantum state and implement the quantum encryption system. Our results indicate the high level of safety secures images based on different factors such as PSNR, correlation entropy, and histogram. © School of Engineering, Taylor's University.

Key distribution is considered to be among the most significant stages in any cryptographic system, and quantum key distribution is a secure method used to exchange keys between entities involved in communication. In this study, we propose to improve the BB84-quantum key distribution protocol using graph-based coding, where agreement between the two parties is agreed on the graph used in quantum-bases encoding at both ends. This paper presents a simulation of the proposed protocol using python language. The experimental results, which have been very promising, show that the proposed protocol is more effective and secure than the standard BB84 protocol. © SAS International Publications.