The article also addressed modern diagnostic approaches, including fourth-generation antigen/antibody tests, in addition to monitoring CD4 cell counts and viral load. It further explained the role of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in suppressing viral replication, restoring immune function, and improving the quality of life of people living with HIV. The article concluded by emphasizing the importance of combination prevention strategies, early testing, adherence to treatment, and prevention of mother-to-child transmission. It also highlighted the role of community health workers in promoting health awareness, combating stigma and discrimination, and ensuring the confidentiality of health information, thereby contributing to strengthening the global public health response to HIV Al-Mustaqbal University – The First University in Iraq