Abstract Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a degenerative disease affecting the macula, the central region of the retina responsible for detailed central vision. Increasing age, smoking, and genetic factors are among its established risk factors. The relationship between sunlight exposure, particularly ultraviolet (UV) radiation and high-energy visible light, and the risk of AMD has been investigated extensively; however, the findings remain inconsistent. This article reviews the available evidence and discusses the importance of protecting the eyes from excessive light exposure. Introduction The eyes are exposed daily to sunlight, which includes ultraviolet radiation and visible light. Excessive exposure to certain wavelengths may damage ocular tissues. Because the macula is essential for central vision, numerous studies have investigated whether chronic sunlight exposure contributes to the development or progression of AMD. Mechanisms and Scientific Evidence High-energy visible light, particularly blue light, may induce oxidative stress in ocular tissues under certain conditions. Oxidative stress is a potential mechanism involved in damage to photoreceptor cells and the retinal pigment epithelium, both of which are essential for normal macular function. However, these biological mechanisms do not establish that ordinary sunlight exposure directly causes AMD. A 2018 meta-analysis involving 14 studies and 43,934 participants found no statistically significant association between sunlight exposure and an increased risk of AMD. Other studies have reported possible associations between high cumulative sunlight exposure and AMD, highlighting the continuing uncertainty surrounding this relationship. Prevention and Recommendations The American Academy of Ophthalmology (AAO) recommends protecting the eyes from ultraviolet radiation by wearing sunglasses that block 99–100% of UVA and UVB rays and using a brimmed hat when outdoors. These measures help protect the eyes against established UV-related damage, although their ability to prevent AMD specifically has not been conclusively demonstrated. Attention should also be directed toward established risk factors, particularly smoking cessation, a healthy diet, and regular eye examinations as recommended by an ophthalmologist. Conclusion Although biological mechanisms support investigating the effects of sunlight on the retina, current epidemiological evidence does not conclusively establish that sunlight exposure increases the risk of age-related macular degeneration. Eye protection against ultraviolet radiation remains advisable for general ocular health, while further research is needed to clarify the relationship between light exposure and AMD. University of Al-Mustaqbal – The First and Leading Private University