Forensic genetics plays an important role in identifying missing persons, particularly when conventional identification methods are unavailable or insufficient. The process generally involves comparing DNA obtained from an unidentified sample with a reference sample from the missing person or from biological relatives. Reference samples may be obtained from appropriate personal items belonging to the missing individual or directly from family members. Family reference samples can be used to establish biological relationships through genetic comparison and statistical analysis. Nuclear DNA is commonly used, while mitochondrial DNA may also provide useful information in certain circumstances. Forensic genetics is especially valuable when unidentified human remains are discovered. DNA obtained from the remains can be compared with samples from relatives to evaluate whether the genetic evidence supports a biological relationship. This approach can help identify individuals when visual recognition or other identification methods are not possible. Missing-person investigations require careful scientific procedures because the results may have significant personal, legal, and social consequences. Samples must therefore be collected, preserved, analyzed, and interpreted according to validated forensic standards. DNA databases can also support missing-person investigations in jurisdictions where such systems are legally established. Unknown DNA profiles may be compared with existing records to identify possible associations. The use of such databases must follow applicable laws and privacy protections. In conclusion, forensic genetics provides a powerful scientific approach for identifying missing persons and unidentified human remains. Advances in DNA technology have increased the ability to analyze challenging samples and establish biological relationships. However, accurate interpretation, quality control, privacy protection, and appropriate legal procedures remain essential.