A Scientific Article by Ms. Duha Mohsen Mohammed Titled: “10 Common Mistakes in the Arabic Language We Make Daily Without Noticing”

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Amid the hustle of daily life and the accelerating pace of communication, the Arabic language is no longer used with the same care it once received. We write quickly, speak spontaneously, and publish without review—falling, unintentionally, into linguistic mistakes that are repeated so often they have become familiar, to the point that many no longer notice them. The problem lies not in the mistake itself, but in becoming so accustomed to it that it begins to seem correct. One of the most common of these mistakes is the confusion between “inna” (إنّ) and “anna” (أنّ). We often hear or read phrases such as “I think inna the matter is easy,” whereas the correct usage requires “anna” after verbs of assumption or belief. This confusion reflects a weakness in distinguishing the grammatical roles of particles within a sentence—something that may appear simple but significantly affects precision. As we move to relative pronouns, another widespread error emerges: using “alladhi” (الذي) instead of “allati” (التي). For example, one might say, “the female student who succeeded” using the masculine form, ignoring the need for gender agreement. These small details are what give the language its harmony; their absence disrupts meaning and weakens expression. In writing, another issue appears in the confusion between the tied “taa” (ة) and the open “taa” (ت). Many mistakenly write “madrasa” (school) with an open “taa” instead of the correct tied form. Though it may seem minor, it reflects a misunderstanding of word structure. The same applies to words like “lakin” (لكن), which are sometimes incorrectly written as “laakin,” even though the correct form contains no extra alif. The issue extends further to prepositions, such as confusing “ila” (إلى) with “ila/ilay” (إلي). The first is a preposition meaning “to,” while the second is used with pronouns. Yet we often see sentences like “I went ilay the school,” overlooking the subtle but important distinction. Another noticeable phenomenon is the excessive use of the word “tam” (تم), as in “tam iftitah al-mashru’” (“the project was opened”). While this expression is understandable, a stronger and more elegant Arabic style would be “uftutiha al-mashru’” (“the project was opened”), where the verb is direct and more dynamic, avoiding literal translation from other languages. In another context, some confuse “hunaka” (هناك) and “hunālika” (هنالك), despite the fact that the difference between them is semantic and relates to distance—“hunālika” indicating something farther away. Additionally, many fall into a clear grammatical error: raising the object of the verb. For instance, saying “qara’tu al-kitabu” instead of the correct “al-kitaba,” forgetting that the object must always be in the منصوب (accusative) case. Among common writing mistakes is also neglecting the hamza in words like “aydan” (أيضًا), which is often written as “aydan” without the hamza. Although this may not significantly change pronunciation, it affects the correctness of the written form. Finally, confusion appears in the use of the masculine plural, where words are incorrectly declined—such as saying “al-muhandisin ناجحون” instead of the correct “al-muhandisun ناجحون” in the nominative case. These errors, despite their simplicity, reveal a gap between our theoretical knowledge of the language and our actual practice. Notably, correcting them does not require great effort, but rather awareness and consistent review. Arabic is not merely a means of communication; it is a vessel of thought. The more precise our language, the more sincere and impactful our expression becomes. In conclusion, attention to small linguistic details makes a significant difference. A correct word reflects not only linguistic proficiency but also respect for the reader and care for the quality of what we present. Perhaps the true beginning of improving our language is simply to pay attention… to what we assume we already know. Al-Mustaqbal University, the first university in Iraq