Chemical recycling of accumulated plastic waste through thermochemical pathways represents a strategic transition toward a circular economy and sustainable resource management. Pyrolysis technology enables the conversion of complex petroleum-derived plastic polymers into high-value liquid biofuels and synthesis gas (Syngas). This engineering approach delivers a dual solution: mitigating the environmental hazards of non-mechanically recyclable plastic pollution while producing alternative energy vectors that reinforce energy security and reduce reliance on virgin fossil fuel extraction. The primary technical and engineering challenges stem from the high heterogeneity and contamination of collected plastic feedstocks with moisture and organic debris, which adversely impacts product molecular distribution and depresses overall process energy efficiency. Furthermore, the high thermal energy required to cleave strong polymeric bonds inside pyrolysis reactors, coupled with the formation of heavy waxes and corrosive halogenated compounds (such as chlorine from PVC), leads to severe catalyst poisoning, equipment corrosion, and fuel contamination. Operational bottlenecks also include reactor fouling driven by carbon coking, alongside complex separation and refining requirements needed to meet commercial fuel standards. To overcome these technical obstacles, researchers and engineers have pioneered advanced technological solutions, led by Catalytic Pyrolysis. Utilizing tailored zeolites and nano-engineered catalysts significantly lowers reaction activation energy and operating temperatures while enhancing product selectivity toward light liquid fuels or high-purity syngas. Additionally, integrating automated mechanical sorting, pre-drying units, and multi-stage reactors equipped with chemical scrubbers effectively neutralizes halogen compounds and protects downstream equipment. This framework is further optimized through thermal process integration, wherein a fraction of the generated syngas is recycled to provide self-sustaining process heat (Autothermal Pyrolysis), substantially elevating overall plant energy efficiency and ensuring economic and environmental viability. Al-Mustaqbal University – The First Private University in Iraq