The kidneys are among the most vital organs in the human body, playing a crucial role in filtering waste products and toxins from the blood, maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance, regulating blood pressure, and producing essential hormones. Since the kidneys are responsible for eliminating many medications and their metabolites from the body, they are particularly susceptible to the effects of various pharmacological agents. Certain medications can affect kidney function either directly or indirectly. The inappropriate use of some drugs may lead to temporary or permanent kidney damage. Common examples include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), certain antibiotics, chemotherapy agents, as well as some dietary supplements and herbal products that may be used without proper medical supervision. Drug-induced kidney damage can occur through several mechanisms, including reduced blood flow to the kidneys, direct injury to kidney cells, or disturbances in the body’s fluid and electrolyte balance. The risk of adverse effects is generally higher in individuals with chronic conditions such as diabetes mellitus and hypertension, as well as in older adults. To minimize drug-related risks to kidney health, medications should only be used according to medical advice and prescribed dosages. Regular monitoring of kidney function is recommended, particularly for patients receiving long-term drug therapy. Adequate hydration and prompt reporting of any unusual symptoms to healthcare providers are also important measures for maintaining healthy kidney function. Increasing awareness about the safe use of medications plays a significant role in preventing many health complications and preserving kidney function, ultimately contributing to better overall health and quality of life. Prepared by Ms. Tabarak Ahmed Turki AL_mustaqbal University is the first university in Iraq