Introduction Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), commonly known as stomach bacteria, is a spiral-shaped bacterium that infects the lining of the stomach. It can cause chronic gastritis and peptic ulcers. Some infected individuals may not experience any symptoms. Causes and Transmission The infection may spread through contaminated food or water, poor hand hygiene, and contact with infected oral or vomit secretions. Poor sanitation may increase the risk of infection. Symptoms Common symptoms include upper abdominal pain, bloating, nausea, frequent burping, loss of appetite, and feeling full quickly after eating. However, many infected people remain asymptomatic. Diagnosis and Treatment The infection can be diagnosed using a urea breath test or a stool antigen test. In some cases, endoscopy with a biopsy may be necessary. Treatment usually involves a combination of antibiotics and acid-reducing medicines prescribed by a doctor. A follow-up test is important to confirm that the infection has been eliminated. Prevention Prevention includes washing hands regularly with soap and water, drinking safe water, washing fruits and vegetables thoroughly, and maintaining good food hygiene. Conclusion Helicobacter pylori is a common bacterial infection that can affect stomach health. Early diagnosis, appropriate treatment, and good hygiene practices help prevent complications and maintain a healthy digestive system.