Forensic entomology has expanded beyond the study of insects associated with death and has become a valuable scientific discipline in evaluating certain medical and legal cases, including suspected human and animal neglect. One important subject in this field is myiasis, a condition involving the infestation of living vertebrates by fly larvae. This condition has forensic significance when discovered in cases involving suspected inadequate healthcare, personal hygiene, or animal care. Insect specimens may provide useful information about the circumstances experienced by a person or animal and help specialists determine whether larval infestation occurred before or after death. Scientific evaluation involves identifying insect species, examining their developmental stages, and considering environmental conditions. These findings must also be interpreted alongside medical records, veterinary examinations, and other laboratory evidence. The presence of larvae alone should not be considered conclusive proof of neglect. An important objective of forensic entomology is distinguishing antemortem infestation from insect colonization occurring after death. This distinction is essential for avoiding errors in postmortem interval estimation and medico-legal interpretation. The application of forensic entomology in suspected neglect cases demonstrates the importance of biological sciences in protecting human and animal welfare and supporting legal investigations. Cooperation between entomologists, forensic pathologists, and veterinary specialists is necessary to achieve reliable and objective conclusions. Prepared by: Asst. Lect. Huwaida Nazzal Hussein