Nevertheless, temperature, humidity, soil characteristics, and environmental exposure can significantly affect microbial activity and decomposition rates. Consequently, microbiome-based PMI estimation remains an emerging research approach requiring further validation and standardization before routine forensic implementation. Conclusion: Microbiology offers promising opportunities for forensic medicine through the investigation of postmortem microbial succession. Integrating microbial indicators with conventional medical and environmental evidence may eventually improve the accuracy of postmortem interval estimation.