The ginkgo plant (Ginkgo biloba) is one of the distinctive woody plants in the plant kingdom. It belongs to the family Ginkgoaceae and is the only living species remaining in its genus and family. Therefore, it is regarded as one of the oldest surviving plant lineages and is sometimes referred to as a “living fossil.” Ginkgo is characterized by a strong woody stem and a broad tree crown, and under suitable conditions, it can reach a large size and live for a very long time. Its leaves are distinguished by their unique fan-shaped form and dichotomous venation, and in autumn, they turn a golden-yellow color before falling. Ginkgo is a dioecious plant, meaning that male and female trees occur separately. Male trees produce reproductive structures that bear pollen grains, whereas female trees produce ovules that develop into seeds after fertilization. Ginkgo originated in East Asia, particularly China, and later spread to various parts of the world through cultivation. It is highly tolerant of a variety of environmental conditions, including air pollution in urban areas, which is why it is widely planted along streets and in parks and gardens. Ginkgo leaves contain biologically active plant compounds, most notably flavonoids and terpenoids. Its extracts have received considerable attention in medical research concerning memory, blood circulation, and neurological functions. The plant also has ecological importance because, as a long-lived woody species, it provides shelter and habitat for certain organisms. Ginkgo represents an important model for studying the evolution of seed plants, as it has retained many of its fundamental characteristics over millions of years. This makes it an important plant for taxonomic, evolutionary, ecological, and medical studies. Al-Mustaqbal University – The First University in Iraq