Parsley (Petroselinum crispum) is a common aromatic plant in the diet. It contains a variety of active plant compounds, in addition to vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants. Its traditional use has long been associated with supporting urinary system health and increasing urine production, making its relationship with kidney function and fluid balance a subject of scientific interest. Parsley and Kidney Function The kidneys play a fundamental role in maintaining the body’s internal balance by filtering the blood, eliminating waste products, and regulating water, salts, and minerals. Parsley contains plant compounds, including flavonoids and volatile oils, which have been studied for their potential biological effects. Studies have indicated that parsley extracts may have a diuretic effect, meaning that they may increase urine production. This effect is thought to be associated with increased excretion of water and some electrolytes. However, the extent of this effect depends on the method of preparation and dosage, and it does not mean that consuming parsley can treat kidney diseases. Parsley and Fluid Balance The body maintains fluid balance through a complex interaction involving the kidneys, hormones, electrolytes, and fluid intake. When fluid loss increases, such as during excessive sweating, the body needs to replace water and electrolytes to maintain normal physiological functions. Therefore, consuming parsley as part of the diet is not a substitute for adequate water intake. Excessive consumption of concentrated herbal extracts or beverages with diuretic effects may also not be suitable for everyone, particularly individuals with impaired kidney function or electrolyte imbalances. Antioxidant Compounds Parsley contains plant compounds with antioxidant properties that may help reduce the effects of oxidative stress on cells under experimental conditions. Oxidative stress is being investigated for its potential role in several chronic disorders, including certain kidney diseases. However, the presence of antioxidants in parsley does not automatically mean that it protects the kidneys from disease. Further clinical studies are still needed to determine the extent of its benefits in humans and the appropriate doses. Parsley and Kidney Stones Parsley is traditionally used in some communities as a natural remedy to support urinary tract health and help prevent kidney stones. However, kidney stone formation is a complex process influenced by the type of stone, the concentration of minerals in the urine, fluid intake, dietary factors, and genetic predisposition. Therefore, parsley should not be relied upon alone to prevent or treat kidney stones. Maintaining adequate hydration, following a diet appropriate for the type of kidney stone, and adhering to medical advice remain among the most important approaches to prevention. Is Parsley Safe for Everyone? Consuming parsley as a food and in moderate amounts is generally considered safe for most people. However, consuming large quantities or using concentrated extracts may have different effects compared with consuming parsley as part of regular meals. Caution should also be exercised by individuals with kidney disease or those taking medications that affect blood pressure, fluid balance, or electrolytes. The diuretic effect of parsley and its mineral content may be clinically relevant in such cases. Therefore, parsley or any other herb should not be used as a therapeutic substitute for prescribed medical treatment, particularly in individuals with kidney disease. Conclusion Parsley is a nutritious plant rich in active plant compounds. Experimental studies have shown interest in its potential diuretic effects and certain mechanisms related to urinary system health. However, the available evidence is not sufficient to consider parsley a treatment for kidney diseases or kidney stones. Moderate consumption of parsley as part of a balanced diet can be a suitable nutritional choice for most people, while adequate water intake and avoiding excessive use of concentrated herbal extracts remain important. Individuals with kidney disease or those taking regular medications should consult a physician or qualified nutritionist before consuming parsley in therapeutic or concentrated amounts. Al-Mustaqbal University The First University in Iraq