Introduction Melasma is a common chronic pigmentation disorder that affects women more frequently and is associated with hormonal and environmental factors. Pathophysiology Stimulation of melanocytes Increased tyrosinase activity Effect of ultraviolet (UV) radiation Role of blood vessels Contributing Factors Sun exposure Pregnancy Oral contraceptives Genetic factors Types Epidermal (superficial) Dermal (deep) Mixed Treatment Sunscreen (the cornerstone of treatment) Skin-lightening creams Chemical peeling Low-energy laser Conclusion Melasma is a chronic condition that requires long-term management rather than a quick treatment. Prepared by: Dr. Hussein Safaa Abdul Amir AL_mustaqbal University is the first university in Iraq