Asst. Lect. Zaid Awwad Atiyah Archaeological survey is considered one of the most important scientific tools in the field of archaeology, as it represents the fundamental stage in identifying and documenting archaeological sites before initiating excavation activities. It relies on a set of systematic methods, including surface survey and the use of modern technologies such as Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and remote sensing, which contribute to locating ancient human settlements and producing accurate maps of them. The importance of archaeological survey lies in its effectiveness as a means of protecting archaeological sites from deterioration and human encroachment. It enables the recording of primary site data, such as the distribution of surface finds and the geographical extent of sites, which in turn supports well-informed scientific decisions regarding site management. It also contributes to the development of comprehensive databases that are essential for future research and for planning the preservation of cultural heritage. In this context, Babylon Province stands out as one of the richest regions in Iraq in terms of archaeological sites. Several field surveys have been conducted, revealing a high density of settlements dating back to multiple historical periods, from the Sumerian era to the Islamic periods. Field studies in rural areas surrounding the city of Hillah, as well as in areas close to the Euphrates River, have identified previously unrecorded archaeological mounds through surface survey and the collection of pottery scattered on the ground. These surveys relied on dividing the study areas into grid squares and documenting finds using geographic coordinates, in addition to pottery analysis to establish the chronological sequence of the sites. This methodology has helped reveal patterns of ancient agricultural settlement linked to water sources, reflecting the nature of economic activities of past populations. The results have also shown that many of these sites are exposed to risks from agricultural encroachment and urban expansion, which necessitates urgent intervention for their protection. Furthermore, the field study demonstrated the importance of integrating modern technologies with fieldwork. Satellite imagery helped identify potential locations prior to field visits, saving time and effort while improving the accuracy of results. An initial database of these sites was also created to serve as a foundation for future excavation work. Accordingly, archaeological survey is not merely an exploratory tool; it is a fundamental pillar in heritage preservation strategies. It ensures the sustainability of cultural heritage for future generations through precise scientific documentation and thoughtful planning for site management, particularly in historically rich regions such as Babylon, which still conceals many undiscovered historical remains. #Al_Mustaqbal_University_First_Among_Private_Universities_in_Iraq