Nickel–titanium alloys (Nitinol) are used in the manufacturing of self-expanding vascular stents due to their superelasticity. This property is based on the reversible phase transformation between the austenite and martensite phases. Superelasticity allows the stent to be compressed inside a catheter and recover its original shape when released inside the blood vessel. Heat treatment and the nickel-to-titanium ratio influence the phase transformation temperatures and the mechanical response of the alloy. Surface treatments and electropolishing are used to improve corrosion resistance and reduce the potential release of nickel ions. Controlling the microstructure and surface properties contributes to enhancing stent performance and fatigue resistance during clinical use. Al-Mustaqbal University: Ranked First Among Private Universities in Iraq.