Traditional encryption algorithms, such as RSA and ECC, are fundamental to protecting digital data and communications. However, the rapid development of quantum computing presents new challenges to information security, as future quantum computers may threaten the effectiveness of these algorithms. This makes the transition to Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC) essential for safeguarding digital systems. One of the main risks of quantum computing lies in its ability to use advanced algorithms, such as Shor’s algorithm, which could compromise public-key cryptographic systems, digital signatures, and secure communications. The threat of “Harvest Now, Decrypt Later” attacks further emphasizes the need for early preparation to protect sensitive information. In response to these challenges, the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has been working on developing and standardizing cryptographic algorithms resistant to quantum attacks. These include lattice-based cryptography and hash-based digital signatures, which aim to strengthen data security against future threats. The transition to post-quantum cryptography presents several technical challenges, including larger key sizes, increased processing requirements, and difficulties in updating legacy systems. To address these challenges, institutions should conduct comprehensive assessments of their existing cryptographic systems, adopt cryptographic agility to facilitate future updates, implement hybrid encryption during the transition period, and develop the skills of cybersecurity professionals and students. In conclusion, preparing for the quantum computing era requires proactive planning and the adoption of modern cryptographic technologies. Updating academic curricula and training qualified professionals are also essential steps toward strengthening information security and protecting digital infrastructure against future threats.