The aviation sector is witnessing rapid technological development, accompanied by growing interest in electric aircraft as a promising solution for reducing emissions and improving air transportation efficiency. These aircraft use electrical energy to power their motors instead of relying entirely on conventional fuels, opening the door to innovative propulsion systems that can contribute to a more sustainable future for aviation. Electric aircraft operate using electric motors powered by batteries or other electricity-generation systems. They offer several advantages, including high motor efficiency, fewer moving parts compared with conventional engines, and reduced noise levels during operation. These characteristics are particularly important for short-distance flights, small aircraft, and urban air mobility applications. Materials engineering plays a fundamental role in developing this technology, as electric aircraft require lightweight, high-strength materials to reduce energy consumption and increase flight range. Composite materials are also used in manufacturing structural components, while batteries require advanced thermal management systems and monitoring technologies to ensure safe and reliable charging and discharging during operation. Despite their many advantages, electric aircraft face significant engineering challenges. These include the relatively high weight of batteries compared with the amount of energy they provide, limited flight range, and the time required for recharging. Operating these aircraft also requires the development of suitable charging and maintenance infrastructure, together with strict testing standards for batteries, electric motors, and electrical systems under different operating conditions. Current research focuses on improving battery energy density, developing more efficient electric propulsion systems, and investigating hybrid aircraft that combine electric motors with conventional fuel-powered engines. These innovations are expected to gradually expand the use of electric aircraft, particularly in short-distance flights, flight training, and regional transportation, while maintaining safety requirements and economic feasibility. The future of electric aviation depends on the integration of advances in battery technology, lightweight structural design, and improved control and energy management systems. As research and development continue, electric aircraft may become an important part of modern air transportation, helping reduce aviation's environmental impact while maintaining operational efficiency and meeting essential safety requirements. Assist. Lecturer Al-Buraq Haider Mohsen