The Role of Architectural Studies in Documenting and Rehabilitating Heritage Buildings Prepared by: Asst. Lect. Maryam Mohammed Musa This article examines the importance of architectural studies in documenting and rehabilitating heritage buildings as one of the fundamental approaches to preserving cultural and urban identity and safeguarding the civilizational heritage for future generations. Heritage buildings represent tangible evidence of the evolution of architecture, construction techniques, and building materials throughout different historical periods. They are also closely associated with the historical, social, and cultural values of communities. In light of urban expansion, environmental changes, and the neglect affecting some historic buildings, there is an increasing need for specialized architectural studies that contribute to documenting their characteristics, assessing their condition, and developing appropriate solutions for their preservation. The article highlights the role of architectural documentation in recording the dimensions, design details, decorative features, and structural elements of heritage buildings through field surveys, photographic documentation, and the preparation of architectural drawings. It also explores the application of modern digital technologies, such as three-dimensional modeling and digital scanning, in developing accurate databases that facilitate the monitoring of building conditions and the identification of changes over time. Furthermore, the article discusses the importance of analytical studies in identifying deterioration, cracks, and moisture-related problems, as well as determining their underlying causes. Such investigations provide a scientific basis for making appropriate decisions regarding maintenance and restoration. The article explains that rehabilitating heritage buildings requires achieving a balance between preserving their architectural authenticity and meeting the requirements of contemporary use. This can be accomplished through carefully planned intervention strategies that respect their historical significance and take into account the characteristics of their original materials. The article also emphasizes the importance of adaptive reuse, whereby heritage buildings are repurposed for cultural, educational, and community activities appropriate to their architectural character. This approach helps ensure their continued use and reduces the risk of neglect and deterioration. Moreover, the article stresses the importance of preserving Iraqi architectural heritage as an integral part of national identity. It highlights the need to strengthen cooperation among universities, relevant authorities, and local communities to develop effective documentation, conservation, and rehabilitation programs. Such collaboration can contribute to raising awareness of the value of architectural heritage and supporting sustainable preservation initiatives. The article concludes that architectural studies provide an essential scientific foundation for ensuring the sustainability of heritage buildings and protecting their historical and aesthetic value. Through systematic documentation, comprehensive assessment, and appropriate rehabilitation strategies, these studies contribute to preserving architectural heritage and transmitting its cultural and civilizational significance to future generations.