Smart prosthetics are among the most significant applications of biomedical engineering. They integrate biosensors, electronic systems, and artificial intelligence to improve mobility and enhance the independence of amputees. This article reviews the concept of smart prosthetics, their working principles, major clinical applications, challenges, and future developments in this field. 1. Introduction Limb loss resulting from accidents, wars, or diseases presents significant health challenges that affect an individual’s mobility and ability to perform daily activities. With technological advancements, prosthetic limbs have evolved from traditional mechanical designs into intelligent systems capable of responding to body signals and adapting to users’ movements, thereby improving quality of life and supporting rehabilitation. 2. Concept and Working Principles of Smart Prosthetics Smart prosthetics are advanced medical devices designed to replace missing limbs. They rely on sensors, processing units, and electric motors to perform the required movements. Electromyography (EMG) sensors detect electrical signals generated by muscle activity, which are then processed by a control unit and converted into commands that move the joints or fingers. The main components include sensors, microprocessors, actuators, batteries, and a socket that connects the prosthesis to the user’s body. These components work together to provide more accurate movements and respond effectively to the user’s needs. 3. Types of Smart Prosthetics The main types include myoelectric hands that respond to muscle signals; microprocessor-controlled knees and ankles that adapt to walking speed and terrain; osseointegrated prostheses attached directly to the bone; and neural-interface-based systems designed to improve control and provide sensory feedback. 4. Clinical Applications and Their Role in Rehabilitation Smart prosthetics are used in the rehabilitation of upper- and lower-limb amputees. Smart hands help users grasp objects and perform daily activities, while advanced knees and ankles improve gait patterns and balance and reduce the risk of falls. Some modern prosthetic systems also collect movement and usage data, enabling specialists to monitor rehabilitation progress and adjust device settings according to each patient’s needs. These technologies promote independence, enhance self-confidence, support social integration, and facilitate the return to everyday activities. 5. Challenges and Future Developments Despite their benefits, smart prosthetics face several challenges, including high costs, changes in muscle signals caused by sweating or electrode displacement, limited natural sensory feedback, and the need for specialized maintenance and training. Artificial intelligence, machine learning, three-dimensional printing, and neural interfaces are expected to contribute to the development of more accurate, comfortable, and affordable prosthetic devices while improving the ability to restore natural movement and sensory feedback. 6. Conclusion Smart prosthetics represent a significant advancement in biomedical engineering, offering innovative solutions for the rehabilitation of amputees and improving their independence and quality of life. Further development of these technologies requires collaboration among engineers, physicians, and rehabilitation specialists, alongside efforts to reduce costs and expand access to ensure that more patients can benefit from these advances.