Genetic engineering is a modern biotechnology technique that allows scientists to modify the genetic material of living organisms to study genes or improve specific traits. It relies on molecular techniques that enable targeted changes to DNA. Genetic engineering is used to produce certain medicines, study genetic diseases, improve agricultural crops, and develop microorganisms capable of producing useful substances. Gene-editing technologies, such as CRISPR-Cas9, also allow targeted modifications of genetic material. However, the potential risks of these modifications must be evaluated, including unintended effects and ethical and environmental concerns. Therefore, genetic engineering should be applied under clear scientific and regulatory guidelines