Local environmental architecture in Iraq represents an integrated model that reflects the interaction between humans and their natural and climatic environment over many centuries. Iraqi society developed traditional architectural patterns that responded intelligently to harsh climatic conditions, such as high temperatures and drought, while also considering social and cultural aspects. Therefore, this architecture was not merely a construction solution, but rather an integrated system that combined the environment,human, and local technology. Traditional architecture in Iraq relies on the use of local building materials such as mud, adobe, and reeds, which are characterized by their high thermal insulation properties and ability to reduce heat transfer into buildings. Mud houses in central and southern Iraq are a clear example of this, as the thickness of their walls contributes to thermal comfort and reduces dependence on modern cooling systems. The internal courtyard (Al-Housh) also forms an essential element in the design of the traditional Iraqi house, as it regulates the indoor climate by providing natural ventilation and lighting, in addition to creating a private space that ensures social privacy. This element is considered part of an integrated environmental system that improves the quality of living within the dwelling. Another important feature is the use of wind catchers (Badgir) in some regions, which help direct and cool the air inside interior spaces. In addition, shaded arcades and covered passages were used to reduce direct exposure to sunlight. The planning of narrow and winding alleys in old cities also played a role in minimizing heat and creating a comfortable urban environment for pedestrians. The sustainability of local environmental architecture is reflected in its ability to achieve a balance between humans and the environment through reducing energy consumption, relying on available resources, and adapting to climatic conditions without harming the environment. Moreover, this architecture reflects a deeply rooted cultural and social identity, giving it significant heritage and human value. In conclusion, local environmental architecture in Iraq represents an integrated architectural system that can inspire the development of contemporary architecture through the reinterpretation of its environmental and technical principles using modern approaches. Integrating these traditional experiences with modern technology contributes to achieving sustainable architecture that preserves identity while responding to the demands of the modern era.