Myopia, or nearsightedness, is a common vision disorder that affects up to one-third of the global population. It is a significant cause of visual impairment and has been associated with a higher risk of developing several eye conditions, including cataracts, glaucoma, and retinal detachment. In this article, the authors review the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and management of myopia.
Myopia, also known as nearsightedness, is a condition in which the eye has difficulty focusing on distant objects. People with myopia can see objects up close clearly, but objects in the distance appear blurry or out of focus. Myopia occurs when the eyeball is too long, or the cornea (the clear front surface of the eye) is too curved. This causes light to focus in front of the retina instead of directly on it, which results in a blurred image.
Myopia can develop in childhood or adolescence and can be caused by both genetic and environmental factors, such as spending too much time on close-up tasks like reading or using electronic devices. Myopia can be corrected with glasses or contact lenses, which help to refocus light onto the retina. In some cases, refractive surgery such as LASIK may also be an option for correcting myopia.
The authors discuss the genetic and environmental factors that contribute to myopia, including the role of genetics, near work, and outdoor activities. They also review the pathogenesis of myopia, including the changes in eye shape and refractive error that occur with myopia development.